Table 1.
The basic characteristics of the included studies.
| First author and year | Sample size (n) | Age (y) | Gestational age (d) | TCM syndrome differentiation | Times of abortions (n) | Definition of miscarriage | Definition of live birth | Intervention time | Intervention measures | Duration of intervention | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guo 2018 | T: 54 C: 54 |
T: 28.54 ± 3.03 C: 27.96 ± 2.85 |
T: NR C: NR |
NR | T: 2.86 ± 0.71 C: 2.83 ± 0.75 |
Pregnancy loss before 16 weeks | Delivery of a live infant after 28 weeks | NR | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
Until miscarriage or the 16th weeks | ①②③ |
| He 2018 | T: 30 C: 30 |
T: 30.12 ± 2.22 C: 30.34 ± 2.07 |
T: 52.2 ± 3.7 C: 52.5 ± 3.3 |
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis | T: 2.6 ± 0.4 C: 2.7 ± 0.3 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks | Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po) |
3 months | ①②③ |
| Huang 2016 | T: 31 C: 30 |
T: 27.77 ± 3.75 C: 26.47 ± 3.00 |
T: 45.68 ± 2.36 C: s |
Spleen and kidney deficiency | T: 2.42 ± 0.62 C: s |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: progesterone injection (20 mg, qd, im) |
14 days | ① |
| Li 2017 | T: 42 C: 42 |
T: 27.52 ± 3.69 C: 28.15 ± 3.62 |
T: 54.72 ± 4.96 C: 55.23 ± 4.65 |
NR | T: 2.32 ± 1.61 C: 2.52 ± 1.19 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
NR | ①③④ |
| Lu 2016 | T: 39 C: 37 |
T: 29.47 ± 2.05 C: 29.38 ± 2.16 |
T: 47.32 ± 3.17 C: 47.63 ± 3.51 |
NR | T: 2.83 ± 0.69 C: 2.94 ± 0.72 |
Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
Until miscarriage or the 16th weeks | ①⑤ |
| Mo 2018 | T: 20 C: 20 |
T: 30.27 ± 3.41 C: 31.32 ± 3.26 |
T: NR C: NR |
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis | T: 2.57 ± 1.33 C: 2.73 ± 1.12 |
NR | Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks | Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po) + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
7 days for a course of treatment | ②③④ |
| Tian 2019 | T: 40 C: 40 |
T: 27.88 ± 4.01 C: 28.11 ± 3.65 |
T: NR C: NR |
NR | T: 3.01 ± 0.69 C: 2.88 ± 0.75 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound | T: STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, q12h, po) |
Until miscarriage or more than the 12th weeks | ①③ |
| Wang 2016 | T: 75 C: 75 |
T: 31.7 ± 2.0 C: 31.4 ± 2.6 |
T: 47.5 ± 3.9 C: 47.2 ± 4.7 |
NR | T: NR C: NR |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound | T: STP (1/dose/day) + C C: allogenic lymphocyte + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
Until miscarriage or the 12th weeks | ① |
| Wei 2017 | T: 30 C: 30 |
T: 27.69 ± 3.52 C: 27.75 ± 3.43 |
T: 54.62 ± 4.95 C: 55.12 ± 4.76 |
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis | T: 2.67 ± 1.58 C: 2.59 ± 1.49 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks | Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po) |
NR | ①②③④ |
| Xie 2016 | T: 36 C: 36 |
T: 30.5 ± 3.1 C: 30.7 ± 3.3 |
T: 52.1 ± 3.6 C: 52.4 ± 3.7 |
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis | T: 2.7 ± 0.3 C: 2.6 ± 0.2 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | NR | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
28 days | ①③④⑤ |
| Yuan 2015 | T: 40 C: 40 |
T: 27.8 ± 5.5 C: 28.1 ± 5.7 |
T: NR C: NR |
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis | T: 3.6 ± 1.2 C: 3.4 ± 1.1 |
Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks | NR | Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound | T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) |
Until miscarriage or the 12th weeks | ①⑤ |
| Zheng 2019 | T: 23 C: 22 |
T: 37.13 ± 4.45 C: 27.64 ± 2.88 |
T: NR C: NR |
NR | T: 3.03 ± 1.58 C: 3.24 ± 1.24 |
Pregnancy loss before 28 weeks | Delivery of a live infant after 28 weeks | NR | T: STP (1/dose/day) + C C: progesterone injection (20 mg, qd, im) + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) + low-molecular weight heparin sodium (5000 iu, qd, h) |
Until miscarriage or the 20th weeks | ①②③ |
T: trial group; C: control group; NR: not reported; ①: the incidence of early pregnancy loss; ②: the incidence of live birth; ③: TCM syndromes and symptoms; ④: serum D-dimer level; ⑤: adverse events.