Table 7.
A meta-analysis of imaging study outcomes.
| CT group | Number of studies | Effect size and 95% confidence interval | Test of null (2-tail) | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Point estimate | Lower limit | Upper limit | Z value | P value | I squared | |
| Total (CT+) | 20 | 0.923 | 0.877 | 0.953 | 9.290 | 0.000 | 81.398 |
| (1) Ground-glass opacification (GGO) | 14 | 0.698 | 0.603 | 0.779 | 3.890 | 0.000 | 90.700 |
| (4) Bilateral involvement | 11 | 0.794 | 0.669 | 0.881 | 4.081 | 0.000 | 93.032 |
| (5) Consolidation | 11 | 0.378 | 0.264 | 0.508 | -1.845 | 0.065 | 90.564 |
| (3) Peripheral distribution | 6 | 0.668 | 0.500 | 0.802 | 1.955 | 0.051 | 88.951 |
| (10) Unilateral involvement | 5 | 0.156 | 0.082 | 0.278 | -4.510 | 0.000 | 71.765 |
| (∗∗) Mixed opacity | 4 | 0.328 | 0.121 | 0.635 | -1.106 | 0.269 | 97.487 |
| (11) Air bronchogram | 4 | 0.426 | 0.225 | 0.656 | -0.618 | 0.537 | 87.500 |
| (6) Pleural effusion | 4 | 0.066 | 0.036 | 0.120 | -7.950 | 0.000 | 14.830 |
| (7) Adjacent pleura thickening | 4 | 0.409 | 0.211 | 0.641 | -0.764 | 0.445 | 92.842 |
| (12) Fibrous stripes | 3 | 0.229 | 0.056 | 0.596 | -1.486 | 0.137 | 93.828 |
| (2) Lower lung predominant | 3 | 0.624 | 0.467 | 0.758 | 1.558 | 0.119 | 64.196 |
| (8) Interlobular septal thickening | 3 | 0.535 | 0.359 | 0.703 | 0.379 | 0.705 | 85.123 |
| 1 lobe affected | 2 | 0.207 | 0.087 | 0.417 | -2.608 | 0.009 | 83.897 |
| 2 lobes affected | 2 | 0.061 | 0.032 | 0.113 | -7.927 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 3 lobes affected | 2 | 0.105 | 0.047 | 0.220 | -4.796 | 0.000 | 57.131 |
| 4 lobes affected | 2 | 0.099 | 0.060 | 0.157 | -8.135 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 5 lobes affected | 2 | 0.394 | 0.312 | 0.483 | -2.331 | 0.020 | 18.313 |
| (9) Cavitation | 2 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.082 | -4.350 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Crazy-paving pattern | 2 | 0.222 | 0.067 | 0.530 | -1.786 | 0.074 | 92.080 |
| Linear opacities | 2 | 0.630 | 0.555 | 0.699 | 3.372 | 0.001 | 0.000 |