Table 1.
Case series of COVID‐19 in pediatric patients. Symptoms, laboratory and radiology features. Update: May 24, 2020
| Authors | Wei 16 | Feng 17 | Chen 18 | Cai 19 | Zhou 20 | Wang 21 | Xia 22 | Tang 23 | Liu 24 | Xu 25 | Zhang 26 | Lu 27 | Sun 28 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | 9 | 15 | 31 | 10 | 9 | 31 | 20 | 26 | 6 | 10 | 34 | 171 | 8 |
| Symptoms | |||||||||||||
| Fever | 4/7b | 5 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 20 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 26 | 71 | 6 |
| Cough | 2/7 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 20 | 83 | 6 |
| Sore throat | ND | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | ND | ND | 4 | ND | 79 | ND |
| Rhinorrhea | 2/7 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ND | 2 | ND | 13 | ND |
| Gastrointestinal | ND | 0 | 2 | ND | 0 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 5 |
| Non‐mild disease | 0/7 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 0 | ND | 111 | 8 |
| Severe or critical | 0/7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ND | 4 | 8 |
| Chronic disease | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7 | 0 | 0 | ND | 4 | ND | 1 |
| Laboratory | |||||||||||||
| Lymphocytosis | ND | ND | 17 | 1 | 6 | ND | 3 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 17 | ND | 2 |
| Lymphocytopenia | ND | ND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Normal CRP | ND | ND | 27 | 7 | ND | 27/30 | 11 | 21 | ND | 10 | 14 | 138 | 3 |
| High PCT | ND | ND | ND | 0 | ND | 1/28 | 16 | 0 | ND | 5 | 0 | 105 | 5 |
| Radiology | |||||||||||||
| Chest X‐ray | |||||||||||||
| Normal | ND | ND | ND | 6 | ND | ND | ND | 8 | ND | 10 | ND | ND | ND |
| Unilateral opacities | ND | ND | ND | 4 | ND | ND | ND | 11 | ND | 0 | ND | ND | ND |
| Bilateral opacities | ND | ND | ND | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 7 | ND | 0 | ND | ND | ND |
| Chest CT | |||||||||||||
| Normal | ND | 6 | 20 | ND | 1 | 17 | 4 | 8 | 1/5 | 10 | 6 | 60/169 | 0 |
| Unilateral opacities | ND | ND | 8 | ND | ND | ND | 6 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 32/169 | 2 |
| Bilateral opacities | ND | ND | 3 | ND | ND | ND | 10 | 7 | 4/5 | 0 | 14 | 77/169 | 6 |
| Authors | Shen 29 | Zhu 30 | Zheng 31 | Qiu 32 | Su 33 | USA CDC 15 | Tagarro 5 | UK RCPCH 34 | Parri 35 | Garazzino 36 | Shekerdemian 37 | TOTAL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | 9 | 10 | 25 | 36 | 9 | 2572 | 41 | 83 | 100 | 168 | 48 | 3473 | ||
| Symptoms | PROPORTION (%) | CI, 95% | ||||||||||||
| Fever | 3 | 4 | 13 | 13 | 2 | 163/291 | ND | 61/76 | 54 | 138 | ND | 643/1102 (58.3) | 55.4 − 61.2 | |
| Cough | 1 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 158/291 | ND | 31/76 | 44 | 82 | ND | 521/1102 (47.3) | 44.3 − 50.2 | |
| Sore throat | 1 | 0 | ND | 2 | 0 | 71/291 | ND | 3/76 | 4 | 9 | ND | 182/996 (18.3) | 16.0 − 20.7 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0 | ND | 2 | ND | 0 | 21/291 | ND | 20/76 | 22 | 45 | ND | 160/1008 (15.9) | 13.7 − 18.2 | |
| Gastrointestinal | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 37/291 | ND | 11/76 | 10 | 31 | ND | 138/1086 (12.7) | 10.8 − 14.8 | |
| Non‐mild disease | 2 | 5 | 17 | 19 | 0 | 147/745 | 25 | ND | 21 | 33 | 34 | 511/1535 (33.3) | 30.9 − 35.6 | |
| Severe or critical | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 2 | 16 | 33 | 68/749 (9.1) | 7.2 − 11.3 | |
| Chronic disease | ND | ND | 2 | ND | ND | 80/345 | 11 | 32/76 | 27 | 33 | 40 | 237/897 (26.4) | 23.6 − 29.4 | |
| Laboratory | ||||||||||||||
| Lymphocytosis | 2 | 2 | 15 | ND | 1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 91/207 (44.0) | 37.3 − 50.7 | |
| Lymphocytopenia | 0 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 2 | ND | ND | ND | 14/57 | ND | ND | 58/331 (17.5) | 13.8 − 21.9 | |
| Normal CRP | 7 | 10 | ND | 35 | 9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 74/121 | ND | 393/525 (74.8) | 70.9 − 78.3 | |
| High PCT | ND | 0/8 | ND | 6 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 4/23 | ND | ND | 142/383 (37.1) | 32.3 − 42.0 | |
| Radiology | ||||||||||||||
| Chest X‐ray | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 15/35 | ND | ND | 39/81 (48.1) | 37.6 − 58.8 | |
| Unilateral opacities | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6/35 | ND | ND | 21/42 (50.0)d | 35.5 − 64.4 | |
| Bilateral opacities | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 14/35 | ND | ND | 21/42 (50.0)d | 35.5 − 64.4 | |
| Chest CT | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 7 | 5 | 8 | 17 | 5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 175/447 (39.1) | 34.7 − 43.7 | |
| Unilateral opacities | 2 | 3 | 5 | ND | 1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 84/222 (37.8)d | 31.7 − 44.3 | |
| Bilateral opacities | 0 | 2 | 12 | ND | 3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 138/222 (62.2)d | 55.6 − 68.2 | |
Note: Symptoms, laboratory, and radiology features. Update: 24 May 2020.
Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; GI, gastrointestinal; RCPCH, Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health (UK); ND, no data; PCT, procalcitonin.
Only case series with N > 5 are included in this table.
A fraction means that there is no available data for the total N in the case series.
Non‐mild disease includes a presentation as pneumonia in case reports from China and Italy (Parri and Garazzino) and the need for hospitalization in CDC and Tagarro reports. Severe or critical cases are also included in those characterized as a non‐mild disease.
Percentages are calculated from the total cases with abnormal chest X‐ray or abnormal computed chest tomography, respectively.