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. 2022 Dec 30;20(11):3210–3215. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16252

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Monitoring of adaptive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reactive immunity in clinical follow-up. A, Frequency of M-, N-, or S-protein specific CD4+ T cells, defined by expression of CD154+ (left panel) and subset by secretion of interferon gamma (IFNγ; panel middle left), interleukin-2 (IL-2; panel middle right), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα; right panel). B, Frequency of M-, N-, or S-protein specific CD8+ T cells, defined by expression of CD137+ (left panel) and subset by secretion of IFNγ (right panel). C, Frequency of CD154+ bifunctional T cells among CD4+ T cells. Bifunctional is defined at expression of any pairwise combination of the cytokines granzyme B (GrzB), IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, and TNFα. D, Frequency of CD154+ trifunctional T cells among CD4+ T cells. Bifunctional is defined at expression of any triple combination of the cytokines GrzB, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, and TNFα. E, Association between the frequency S-protein specific CD4+ T cells, defined by expression of CD154+, and S1 specific IgG expressed as the ratio of sample to calibrator [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]