Table 2.

Multivariable Regression Results: Effects of Staffing Measures on Outcomes

	Any cases		Outbreak		No. of deaths
	Odds ratios		Odds ratios		Marginal effects
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Low NA hours	.887 (.058)		1.001 (.078)		−.034 (.184)
High NA hours	1.027 (.071)		.790 (.058)a		−.981 (.229)a
Low LPN hours	.975 (.052)		.847 (.073)		−.702 (.203)a
High LPN hours	1.083 (.066)		1.064 (.081)		−.183 (.197)
Low RN hours	.838 (.069)b		.974 (.070)		−.415 (.196)b
High RN hours	1.341 (.088)a		1.031 (.079)		−.243 (.217)
Low total nursing hours		.827 (.071)b		.924 (.073)		−.371 (.186)b
High total nursing hours		1.153 (.109)		.822 (.057)a		−1.059 (.229)a
Low RN/Total nursing hours		.887 (.052)b		1.018 (.062)		−.389 (.207)
High RN/Total Nursing hours		1.218 (.078)a		1.034 (.069)		−.296 (.195)
County cases/residents, Q2	1.344 (.117)a	1.345 (.117)a	1.210 (.168)	1.230 (.173)	.076 (.209)	.059 (.208)
County cases/residents, Q3	1.838 (.169)a	1.858 (.169)a	2.059 (.254)a	2.138 (.270)a	1.206 (.233)a	1.226 (.236)a
County cases/residents, Q4	3.316 (.521)a	3.320 (.518)a	3.890 (.518)a	4.013 (.510)a	2.687 (.252)a	2.719 (.254)a
County cases/residents, Q5 (high)	6.190 (1.085)a	6.204 (1.079)a	6.171 (1.052)a	6.318 (1.114)a	5.033 (.274)a	5.096 (.279)a
N	12,117	12,117	8,626	8,626	8, 626	8, 626

Note: Definition of outbreak: >10%confirmed cases/beds or >20% confirmed plus suspected cases/beds, or ≥10 deaths.

Standard errors clustered by state.

Regression also controls for nursing facility and county characteristics (omitted here for brevity).

Columns 1 and 2 include all Nursing Home Compare facilities with COVID‐19 reporting and complete staffing rating information.

Columns 3, 4, 5, and 6 are limited to facilities with at least one case.

Low [High] hours = less [greater] than 33rd [66th] percentile of case‐mix adjusted hours.

^a P<.01. ^b P<.05.