Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients
| Number (N) of studies | Number (n) of study population | Valuea | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age, y | 88 | 8908 | 46.7 | 42.8‐50.6 |
| Male (%) | 168 | 17 1689 | 51.9 | 50.4‐53.2 |
| Female (%) | 164 | 17 1034 | 48.95 | 47.5‐50.4 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| Onset | ||||
| Time from illness onset to first hospital admission, d | 26 | 3508 | 5.5 | 4.6‐6.4 |
| Incubation period, d | 7 | 746 | 5.3 | 4.5‐5.99 |
| General | ||||
| Fever (%) | 156 | 15 921 | 78.8 | 76.2‐81.3 |
| Chills (%) | 28 | 4430 | 15.7 | 12.3‐19.7 |
| Fatigue (%) | 99 | 13 680 | 32.2 | 28.0‐36.6 |
| Myalgia (%) | 78 | 10 728 | 21.3 | 18.1‐24.9 |
| Malaise (%) | 39 | 2526 | 37.9 | 29.5‐47.1 |
| Respiratory | ||||
| Cough (%) | 119 | 12 782 | 53.9 | 50.0‐57.7 |
| Expectoration (%) | 61 | 8748 | 24.2 | 21.0‐27.8 |
| Rhinorrhea (%) | 43 | 6072 | 7.5 | 5.7‐9.6 |
| Chest pain (%) | 32 | 3512 | 9.0 | 6.2‐13.1 |
| Shortness of breath (%) | 82 | 11 205 | 18.99 | 15.7‐22.8 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Vomiting (%) | 48 | 7484 | 4.7 | 3.8‐5.8 |
| Abdominal pain (%) | 23 | 3350 | 4.5 | 3.3‐6.2 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 94 | 12 149 | 9.5 | 7.8‐11.5 |
| Anorexia (%) | 30 | 3610 | 13.99 | 10.4‐18.5 |
| Nausea (%) | 38 | 5599 | 6.96 | 5.3‐9.1 |
| Neurological | ||||
| Dizziness (%) | 24 | 2350 | 9.4 | 7.1‐12.4 |
| Headache (%) | 76 | 12 382 | 9.7 | 8.3‐11.3 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Malignancy (%) | 47 | 8733 | 3.3 | 2.6‐4.3 |
| Chronic heart disease (%) | 52 | 82 217 | 7.9 | 4.9‐12.6 |
| Chronic renal disease (%) | 32 | 81 471 | 2.8 | 1.2‐6.1 |
| Chronic lung disease (%) | 30 | 78 691 | 4.0 | 2.3‐6.95 |
| Chronic liver disease (%) | 32 | 79 525 | 3.3 | 1.7‐6.3 |
| Diabetes (%) | 71 | 84 469 | 10.2 | 7.4‐13.9 |
| Hypertension (%) | 74 | 9937 | 19.4 | 17.3‐21.6 |
| Clinical course and outcomes | ||||
| Intensive care unit | 39 | 80 487 | 10.96 | 6.6‐17.6 |
| Mortality (%) | 86 | 52 808 | 5.6 | 4.2‐7.5 |
| Shock (%) | 13 | 2985 | 4.3 | 2.3‐7.9 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 36 | 6152 | 7.1 | 4.5‐11.0 |
| Hepatic injury (%) | 13 | 77 331 | 7.9 | 2.6‐21.7 |
| Renal injury (%) | 17 | 77 679 | 3.6 | 1.2‐10.1 |
| Cardiac injury (%) | 10 | 1417 | 9.4 | 4.5‐18.8 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019.
a
Value expressed as mean or %.