TABLE 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients according to disease severity
| All patients (n = 40) | Nonsevere patients (n = 21) | Severe patients (n = 19) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 31 (77.5%) | 19 (90.5%) | 12 (63.1%) | .06 |
| Age, y | 63.8 [54.6-68.2] | 58.4 [50.9-64.3] | 65.5 [62.6-69.9] | .02 |
| >60 y | 25 (62.5%) | 9 (42.9%) | 16 (84.2%) | .01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.5 [24-33] | 25 [23-32] | 31 [27-33] | .07 |
| <25 | 13 (32.5%) | 11 (52.4%) | 2 (10.5%) | .02 |
| 25-30 | 8 (20%) | 4 (19.1%) | 4 (21.1%) | |
| >30 | 20 (50%) | 7 (33.3%) | 13 (68.4%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 (40%) | 8 (38.1%) | 8 (42.1%) | 1 |
| Respiratory disease | 9 (22.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 4 (21%) | 1 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 7 (17.1%) | 4 (19.1%) | 3 (15%) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 19 (47.5%) | 8 (38.1%) | 11 (57.9%) | .34 |
| Active cancer | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hypertension | 33 (82.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 18 (94.7%) | .09 |
| RAAS inhibitor use | 15 (37.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 8 (42.1%) | .75 |
| ACE inhibitor use | 9 (22.5%) | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (31.6%) | .26 |
| ARB use | 6 (15%) | 4 (19.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | .66 |
| Interval from kidney transplantation (y) | 6.6 [2.8-14.6] | 3.8 [2.1-12.6] | 7.7 [5.2-14.9] | .22 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | ||||
| Induction immunosuppression | ||||
| Anti-thymocyte globulin | 18 (43.9%) | 10 (47.6%) | 8 (42.1%) | .9 |
| Anti-CD25 | 19 (46.3%) | 9 (42.9%) | 10 (52.6%) | |
| No induction | 3 (7.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 21 (52.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 11 (57.9%) | .54 |
| Cyclosporin | 14 (35%) | 7 (33.3%) | 7 (36.8%) | 1 |
| MMF/MPA | 34 (85%) | 19 (90.5%) | 15 (78.9%) | .40 |
| mTOR inhibitors | 6 (15%) | 4 (19.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | .66 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (2.5%) | 0 | 1 (5.3%) | .47 |
| Steroids | 23 (57.5%) | 12 (57.1%) | 11 (57.9%) | 1 |
| Belatacept | 2 (5%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 | .49 |
| Eculizumab | 1 (2.5%) | 0 | 1 (5.3%) | .47 |
| Clinical symptoms during hospitalization | ||||
| Dyspnea | 28 (70%) | 9 (42.9%) | 19 (100%) | <.001 |
| Cough | 31 (77.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 16 (84.2%) | .46 |
| Fever | 38 (95%) | 20 (95.2%) | 18 (94.7%) | 1 |
| Myalgia | 22 (55%) | 14 (66.7%) | 8 (42.1%) | .20 |
| Headache | 12 (30%) | 9 (42.8%) | 3 (15.8%) | .09 |
| Diarrhea | 31 (77.5%) | 19 (90.5%) | 12 (63.2%) | .06 |
| Vomiting | 7 (17.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 2 (10.5%) | .41 |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 8 (20%) | 6 (28.6%) | 2 (10.5%) | .24 |
| Neurological manifestations | 15 (37.5%) | 8 (38.1%) | 7 (36.9%) | 1 |
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range), whereas categorical variables are presented as count (percentage).
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.