Table 1.
Key model inputs.
| Parameters | Values | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||
| Survival model of sunitinib | Motzer et al.9,10; Rini et al.12,17 | |
| Log-logistic model for PFS | Shape: 1.3705 (se: 0.0357), scale: 37.5566 (se: 1.2562); AIC: 10134.28 | |
| Log-logistic model for OS | Shape: 1.2800 (se: 0.05), scale: 135.14 (se: 7.02); AIC: 6398.76 | |
| HRs of ICI regimens against sunitinib | See the results of network meta-analysis | |
| Proportion (%) of receiving active second-line treatment | ||
| Sunitinib | 0.57 [Range: 0.52–0.63, distribution: beta (155.2, 117.1)] | Motzer et al.9,10; Rini et al.12,17 |
| Avelumab+axitinib | 0.43 [Range: 0.33–0.54, distribution: beta (8.7, 11.5)] | Motzer et al.10 |
| Pembrolizumab+axitinib | 0.5 [Range: 0.38–0.63, distribution: beta (7.4, 7.4)] | Rini et al.17 |
| Nivolumab+ipilimumab | 0.39 [Range: 0.29–0.49, distribution: beta (9.3, 14.5)] | Motzer et al.9 |
| Atezolizumab+bevacizumab# | 0.43 [Range: 0.32–0.54, distribution: beta (8.7, 11.5)] | Rini et al.12 |
| Cost data (US, $) | ||
| Price of sunitinib per 50 mg | 602 (Range: 301–602, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of ipilimumab per 50 mg | 7324 (Range: 3662–7324, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of nivolumab per 100 mg | 2670 (Range: 1335–2670, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of nivolumab per 240 mg | 6427 (Range: 3213–6427, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of avelumab per 200 mg | 1650 (Range: 825–1650, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of pembrolizumab per 50 mg | 2295 (Range: 1148–2295, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of axitinib per 10 mg | 525 (Range: 263–525, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of atezolizumab per 1200 mg | 9280 (Range: 4640–9280, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Price of bevacizumab per 100 mg | 841 (Range: 420–841, distribution: fixed) | Red book online |
| Cost of follow-up and monitoring per cycle | 422 [Range: 348–496, distribution: gamma (4731, 0.0892)] | Benedict et al.18 |
| Cost of second-line active treatment per patient | 27936 [Range: 26429–29443, distribution: gamma (1015855, 0.0275)] | Perrin et al.19 |
| Cost of BSC per cycle | 1213 [Range: 987–1438, distribution: gamma (4856, 0.2498)] | Henk et al.20 |
| Cost of terminal per patient | 10713 [Range: 8570–12856, distribution: gamma (105029, 0.102)] | Perrin et al.19; McCrea et al.21 |
| Cost of managing AEs (grade ⩾3) per event | ||
| Fatigue | 139 [Range: 1–2018, distribution: gamma (44, 3.1871)] | Perrin et al.19; Hansen et al.22; Liou et al.23 |
| Hypertension | 202 [Range: 1–6533, distribution: gamma (6, 32.3416)] | Perrin et al.19; Hansen et al.22; Liou et al.23 |
| Anemia | 4638 [Range: 3326–5949, distribution: gamma (32164, 0.1442)] | Perrin et al.19; Hansen et al.22; Liou et al.23 |
| Palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia | 119 [Range: 3–1748, distribution: gamma (75, 1.5966)] | Perrin et al.19; Hansen et al.22; Liou et al.23 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 4014 [Range: 1716–9391, distribution: gamma (8229, 0.4878)] | Liou et al.23 |
| Cost of drug administration per unit | 292 [Range: 219–365, distribution: gamma (1168, 0.25)] | Sarfaty et al.16 |
| Health utility scores | ||
| Utility of PFS | 0.78 [Range: 0.71–0.85, distribution: beta (106.9, 30.2)] | McCrea et al.21; Amdahl et al.24; de Groot et al.25; Hoyle et al.26 |
| Utility of PS | 0.66 [Range: 0.45–0.82, distribution: beta (16.4, 8.4)] | McCrea et al.21; Amdahl et al.24; de Groot et al.25; Hoyle et al.26 |
| Disutility due to AEs (grade 1 and 2) | 0.01 [Range: 0.01–0.02, distribution: beta (9.4, 933.8)] | Amdahl et al.24 |
| Disutility due to AEs (grade ⩾3) | 0.16 [Range: 0.11–0.2, distribution: beta (37.2, 195.1)] | Amdahl et al.24 |
#
Due to no data reported by the IMmotion 151 at the present time point, an average proportion from the CheckMate 214, KEYNOTE-426, IMmotion 151 and JAVELIN Renal 101 trials was assumed.
AE, adverse event; BSC, best supportive care; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PFS, progression-free survival; PS, progressed survival.