Table 2.
Results of BPA.
| N | Prior to BPA | N | After BPA | p-value (exploratory) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise capacity | ||||||
| WHO functional class, n (%) | 64 | 64 | ||||
| I | 0 (0) | 38 (59.4) | ||||
| II | 2 (3.2) | 23 (35.9) | ||||
| III | 49 (76.6) | 3 (4.7) | ||||
| IV | 13 (20.3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| 6MWD, m | 53 | 416 ± 94 | 60 | 463 ± 96 | <0.0001 | |
| Hemodynamics at rest | ||||||
| Right atrial pressure, mmHg | 64 | 7 ± 4 | 64 | 5 ± 2 | <0.0001 | |
| mPAP, mmHg | 64 | 41 ± 9 | 64 | 31 ± 9 | <0.0001 | |
| PAPsyst, mmHg | 64 | 70 ± 16 | 64 | 52 ± 16 | <0.0001 | |
| PAPdiast, mmHg | 63 | 23 ± 6 | 64 | 16 ± 6 | <0.0001 | |
| PAWP, mmHg | 63 | 10 ± 2 | 64 | 9 ± 3 | 0.335 | |
| DPG, mmHg | 62 | 13.6 ± 6.2 | 57 | 6.6 ± 5.8 | <0.0001 | |
| TPG, mmHg | 63 | 31.8 ± 8.9 | 64 | 21.3 ± 8.4 | <0.0001 | |
| CO, L/min | 63 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 64 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 0.068 | |
| CI, L/min/m2 | 64 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 64 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.138 | |
| PVR, WU | 63 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 64 | 4.3 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 | |
| TPR, WU | 63 | 8.9 ± 2.5 | 64 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 | |
| PAC, ml/mmHg | 63 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 64 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 | |
| HR, bpm | 63 | 77 ± 13 | 64 | 71 ± 12 | <0.0001 | |
| stroke volume, ml | 63 | 66 ± 19 | 64 | 73 ± 15 | <0.0001 | |
| Hemodynamics during exercise | ||||||
| Work load, W | 64 | 27 ± 14 | 64 | 28 ± 15 | 0.187 | |
| Right atrial pressure, mmHg | 64 | 15 ± 7 | 64 | 11 ± 5 | <0.0001 | |
| mPAP, mmHg | 64 | 62 ± 11 | 64 | 52 ± 11 | <0.0001 | |
| PAPsyst, mmHg | 64 | 102 ± 22 | 64 | 86 ± 20 | <0.0001 | |
| PAPdiast, mmHg | 63 | 33 ± 8 | 64 | 26 ± 4 | <0.0001 | |
| PAWP, mmHg | 58 | 14 ± 7 | 63 | 15 ± 4 | 0.164 | |
| DPG, mmHg | 57 | 18.5 ± 10.7 | 63 | 11.5 ± 7.0 | <0.0001 | |
| TPG, mmHg | 58 | 48.1 ± 13.7 | 63 | 37.3 ± 11.3 | <0.0001 | |
| CO, L/min | 62 | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 63 | 8.3 ± 2.0 | <0.0001 | |
| CI, L/min/m2 | 62 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 63 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 | |
| PVR, WU | 56 | 8.0 ± 4.4 | 63 | 5 ± 2.4 | <0.0001 | |
| TPR, WU | 62 | 9.6 ± 3.0 | 63 | 6.7 ± 2.5 | <0.0001 | |
| PAC, ml/mmHg | 62 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 63 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | |
| HR, bpm | 63 | 104 ± 15 | 64 | 101 ± 15 | 0.022 | |
| mPAP/CO slope, WU | 62 | 11.2 ± 25.6 | 63 | 7.7 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | |
| stroke volume, ml | 62 | 69 ± 22 | 64 | 83 ± 21 | <0.0001 | |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| NT-proBNP, ng/L, median (IQR) | 63 | 741 (192–1425) | 64 | 139 (60–266) | <0.0001 | |
| CAMPHOR scores | ||||||
| Symptoms | 47 | 10.1 ± 5.2 | 34 | 5.9 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 | |
| Activity | 46 | 8.5 ± 4.6 | 38 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | <0.0001 | |
| Quality of life | 39 | 6.1 ± 4.5 | 34 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | |
Note: Values are given as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
WHO: World Health Organization; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PAPsyst: systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; PAPdiast: diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; DPG: diastolic pressure gradient; TPG: transpulmonary gradient; CO: cardiac output; CI: cardiac index; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; TPR: total pulmonary resistance; PAC: pulmonary arterial compliance; HR: heart rate; NT-proBNP: N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide; CAMPHOR: Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review; BPA: balloon pulmonary angioplasty.