TABLE 1.
Comparative number of interventional studies in various trial registries involving traditional/complementary medications compared to other specific treatments of interest
| Clinical trial registry | Number of registered interventional studies a | Number of studies involving traditional/complementary medications b (%) | Number of studies on specific treatments of interest (%) | Example(s) of herbal remedies being evaluated and registered under various trail registries c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Clinicaltrials. Gov | 1,257 | 22 (1.7) |
Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine: 202 (16.1) Ivermectin: 23 (1.8) Colchicine: 14 (1.1) Low dose radiotherapy: 12 (0.9) Oncological drugs d : 30 (2.4) |
Acacia Senegal (Senegalia senegal) Nigella sativa Caesalpinia spinosa extract Acai palm (Euterpe oleracea) |
| 2. EU clinical register | 237 | 2 (0.8) |
Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine: 38 (16.0) Ivermectin: 3 (1.3) Colchicine: 5 (2.1) Oncological drugs d : 11 (4.6) |
— |
| 3. Chinese clinical trial register | 336 | 90 (26.8) |
Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine: 25 (7.4) Oncological drugs d : 2 (0.6) |
Liquorice (Glycyrrhizae glabra) Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonicae) Huaier granule (Tremetes robiniophila) Exocarpium citri grandis |
| 4. Clinical trial registry of India | 28 | 21 (75) | Oncological drugs d : 1 (3.5) |
Ashwagandha/Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera) Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) |
Note: Studies on specific treatments on interest includes all studies where that particular intervention is part of either intervention or control arm.
Accessed on June 19, 2020. EU, European Union.
Traditional or complementary medications include any interventions out of modern medicine inclusive but not limited to traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, or other supplements (not including interventions with standard preparations of vitamins or zinc).
The example list is only a representative (not exhaustive) list of various single herbal remedies registered for evaluation (not including concoctions of multiple herbal remedies) where details are available from respective trial registries. EU Clinical Trial Register does not have any study evaluating single herbal remedy formulation.
Oncological drugs (number of studies) in COVID‐19 include imatinib (8), nivolumab (5), pembrolizumab (1), selinexor (3), bevacizumab (5), acalabrutinib (4), ibrutinib (1), zanubrutinib (1), etoposide (1), melphalan (1), duvelisib (1), thalidomide (5), lenalidomide (1), methotrexate (1), sargramostim (4), and filgrastim (2).