TABLE 3.
Associations of anthropometric/lifestyle factors with cognitive restraint, emotional and external eating and depression/anxiety symptoms in Greece (n = 839)
| Restraint | Emotional | External | PHQ‐9 | GAD‐7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MedDiet score during | 0.05 (0.01)* | −0.10 (0.01)* | −0.09 (0.01)* | −0.37 (0.08)* | −0.33 (0.08)* |
| BMI before lockdown (kg/m2) | 0.003 (0.006) | 0.06 (0.007)* | 0.03 (0.005)* | 0.13 (0.03)* | 0.09 (0.03)* |
| Weight change during | −0.02 (0.009)* | 0.09 (0.009)* | 0.05 (0.007)* | 0.34 (0.05)* | 0.17 (0.05)* |
| Restraint eating behaviour | NA | NA | NA | −0.26 (0.21) | −0.09 (0.19) |
| Emotional eating behaviour | NA | NA | NA | 1.62 (0.17)* | 1.20 (0.16)* |
| External eating behaviour | NA | NA | NA | 1.18 (0.23)* | 0.94 (0.22)* |
| Work during | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.03) | −0.58 (0.20)* | −0.53 (0.19)* |
| Smoking | −0.08 (0.03)* | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.82 (0.20)* | 0.77 (0.19)* |
| Sleep duration <6 hr | −0.05 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.05)* | 0.0001 (0.03) | 2.40 (0.22)* | 1.70 (0.21)* |
| Physical activity during | 0.07 (0.01)* | −0.04 (0.01)* | −0.04 (0.009)* | −0.27 (0.06)* | −0.23 (0.06)* |
| Perception of weight increase during | −0.07 (0.03)* | 0.27 (0.03)* | 0.12 (0.02)* | 1.18 (0.18)* | 0.35 (0.17)* |
| Consume more pastries during | −0.08 (0.03)* | 0.34 (0.04)* | 0.21 (0.03)* | 1.55 (0.20)* | 0.95 (0.19)* |
| Consume more alcohol during | 0.11 (0.05)* | 0.23 (0.06)* | 0.22 (0.04)* | 0.25 (0.30) | 0.52 (0.28) |
| Meal plan has changed during | 0.19 (0.04)* | −0.10 (0.04)* | 0.02 (0.03) | −1.97 (0.23)* | −0.14 (0.22)* |
| Follow same hours/number of meals during | 0.09 (0.02)* | 0.24 (0.03)* | 0.18 (0.02)* | 0.46 (0.14)* | 0.33 (0.13)* |
| Do you feel hungrier during | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03)* | 0.27 (0.02)* | 1.47 (0.19)* | 0.88 (0.18)* |
| Has food increase during | 0.12 (0.04)* | 0.41 (0.04)* | 0.25 (0.03)* | 1.45 (0.22)* | 0.98 (0.20)* |
| Increased the number of binge eating between meals during | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.51 (0.04)* | 0.31 (0.03)* | 1.34 (0.24)* | 0.67 (0.23)* |
| Increased craving/desire for food during | 0.06 (0.02)* | 0.28 (0.02)* | 0.21 (0.02)* | 0.88 (0.13)* | 0.66 (0.12)* |
| Smoking increased during | −0.03 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.04)* | 0.06 (0.03) | 1.22 (0.22)* | 1.14 (0.21)* |
| Increased amount of snacks between meals during | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.21 (0.02)* | 0.09 (0.01)* | 0.82 (0.01)* | 0.36 (0.09)* |
| How is health compared to before | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.02)* | 0.07 (0.02)* | 1.47 (0.13)* | 1.30 (0.12)* |
| PHQ‐9 | −0.007 (0.005) | 0.06 (0.006)* | 0.02 (0.004)* | NA | NA |
| GAD‐7 | −0.003 (0.006) | 0.05 (0.007)* | 0.02 (0.005)* | NA | NA |
Note: Values presented as beta estimates (standard error of the mean) and each regression was adjusted for age and sex.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GAD‐7, general anxiety disorder‐7; MedDiet, mediterranean diet; PHQ‐9, patient health questionnaire‐9.
*
Significant after false discovery rate (Benjamini–Hochberg) correction.