Table 5.
Pre-treatment vs post-treatment comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients with vitamin D3 plus K2 supplementation
| Variable | Initial n = 12 | Final n = 12 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 138 ± 40 | 123 ± 39 | 0.002 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 0.388 |
| %FPβC | 622 ± 444 | 281 ± 187 | 0.004 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136 ± 23 | 126 ± 22 | 0.209 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 ± 8 | 76 ± 10 | 0.286 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204 ± 25 | 194 ± 36 | 0.530 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 179 ± 106 | 154 ± 44 | 0.937 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) | 35 ± 21 | 30 ± 8 | 0.937 |
| uOC (ng/dL) | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 1.000 |
| cOC (ng/dL | 0.441 ± 0.304 | 0.611 ± 0.278 | 0.065 |
| uOC/cOC index | 6.4 ± 4.2 | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 0.023 |
| Insulin (ng/dL) | 114 ± 76 | 113 ± 55 | 0.638 |
| Muscle (%) | 50 ± 10 | 50 ± 11 | 0.182 |
| Fat (%) | 34 ± 14 | 31 ± 11 | 0.433 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 | 0.050 |
| Weight (kg) | 77 ± 15 | 78 ± 15 | 0.055 |
HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, % FPβC percentage of functional pancreatic beta cells, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, VLDL very low density lipoprotein, uOC undercarboxylated osteocalcin, cOC carboxylated osteocalcin, BMI body mass index. Data presented in average and standard deviation. Statistically significant data are shown in italics type (p < 0.05)