Table 1.

Function and targets of miR-140 in OA

miRNAs	Targets	Cell type/tissue	Function of miR-140	References
miR-140-3p	CXCR4	Chondrocytes	Ameliorates OA progression	[35]
	RALA	MSCs	Promotes chondrogenesis	[36]
miR-140-5p	IGFBP-5	OA chondrocytes	Inhibits OA progression	[37]
	BMP-2	Bone	Impairs embryonic bone development	[38]
	DNPEP	Bone	Promotes endochondral bone development	[32]
	IL-1β; IL-6; Syndecan-4	Chondrocytes	Inhibits mediators of inflammation and cartilage degradation and upregulates chondrogenic proteins	[39]
	TGFBR1	Stromal cell ST2 and preadipocyte 3 T3-L1	Promotes adipocyte differentiation and inhibits osteoblast differentiation from marrow stromal cells	[40]
	ADAMTS5	Chondrocytes	Inhibits ADAMTS5	[33]
	MMP-13	Chondrocytes	Inhibits IL-1β-induced MMP-13	[41]
	SMAD3	Mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs)	Inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in MCCs	[42]
	HMGB1	Human chondrocytes C28/I2	Inhibits IL-1β induced OA cell model	[43]
	TLR4; BMP2	Adipose-derived MSCs	Inhibits osteogenesis	[44]
	RALA	MSCs	Promotes chondrogenesis	[36]
	FUT1	Chondrocytes	Inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and autophagy of human primary chondrocytes	[45]
	HDAC4	Chondrocytes	Inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy	[46]
	SMAD1	Chondrocytes	Inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy	[47]