Figure 3.

SFs-exosomes promote T cell differentiation. Exosomes extracted from the synovial fibroblasts which were treated with 20% O₂ or 1% O₂ were used to incubated with T cells. (a) PKH67-labeled SFs-derived exosome were taken up by T cells. PKH67-labeled exosomes were incubated with T cells at 37°C for 12 h. T cells fused with exosomes were analyzed by flow cytometry. (b) IL-17 and FOXP3-positive cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis to indicate the T cells differentiation. (c) ELISA were used to measure the IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β expression of exosomes-treated T cells. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 6. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)