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| Study | Time interval | Time to publication | Positive | Null/Negative |
| Ioannidis (1998) | Enrollment to publication | 5.5 years (median) | 4.3 years (median) | 6.5 years (median) |
| Ioannidis (1998) | Completion to publication | 2.4 years (median) | 1.7 years (median) | 3.0 years (median) |
| Stern (1997) | Ethics committee to publication | 4.69 years (median) | 7.99 years (median) |
