Table 1.

The frequencies of the I allele and the II genotype (I/II) in the gene for angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE), mean male 2D:4D (right and left), mean female 2D:4D (right and left) and log case fatality rates (log CFR for WHO Situation Report 165, 3rd July 2020) for 41 nations.

Source/n of studies	Nation	Freq. ACE I/II	Male R2D:4D	Male L2D:4D	Female R2D:4D	Female L2D:4D	log CFR
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Argentina	0.490/0.213	0.990	0.988	0.992	0.992	0.307
Li et al., 2011/3 [21]	Australia	0.460/0.209	0.981	0.982	0.990	0.988	0.114
Li et al., 2011/4 [21]	Austria	0.485/0.201	0.980	0.986	0.990	0.994	0.594
Gu et al., 1994/1 [22] Li et al., 2007/1 [23]	Belgium	–/0.238	0.981	0.984	0.989	0.989	1.199
Li et al., 2011/3 [21]	Brazil	0.373/0.136	0.979	0.980	0.994	0.991	0.622
Stambolova et al., 2017/1 [24]	Bulgaria	0.390/0.150	0.990	0.989	0.997	0.998	0.640
Li et al., 2011/3 [21]	Canada	0.422/0.194	0.981	0.981	0.994	0.992	0.916
Li et al., 2011/88 [21]	China	0.610/0.396	0.985	0.985	0.989	0.985	0.736
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Croatia	0.470/0.220	0.981	0.984	0.998	0.996	0.577
Li et al., 2011/5 [21]	Czech	0.467/0.224	0.984	0.986	1.000	0.999	0.460
Li et al., 2011/2 [21]	Denmark	0.495/0.241	0.982	0.988	0.987	0.990	0.675
Li et al., 2011/3 [21]	Finland	0.457/0.224	0.984	0.985	0.991	0.990	0.656
Li et al., 2011/4 [21]	France	0.430/0.201	0.983	0.987	0.990	0.986	1.275
Li et al., 2011/5 [21]	Germany	0.457/0.218	0.983	0.985	0.993	0.991	0.663
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Greece	0.380/0.173	0.986	0.987	0.997	0.998	0.744
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Hungary	0.513/0.254	0.986	0.988	0.999	0.995	1.149
	Iceland		0.980	0.984	0.986	0.987	−0.267
Li et al., 2011/6 [21]	India	0.540/0.299	0.986	0.986	0.997	0.992	0.464
	Ireland		0.983	0.983	0.991	0.991	0.834
Li et al., 2011/6 [21]	Israel	0.397/0.153	0.987	0.987	1.001	0.996	0.084
Li et al., 2011/10 [21]	Italy	0.394/0.168	0.984	0.986	0.994	0.989	1.160
Li et al., 2011/13 [21]	Japan	0.651/0.422	0.984	0.982	0.985	0.982	0.709
Ali et al., 2015/1 [25]	Malaysia	0.689/0.452	0.976	0.976	0.992	0.991	0.146
Li et al., 2011/7 [21]	Mexico	0.599/0.318	0.976	0.977	0.989	0.984	1.090
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	N Zealand	0.460/0.225	0.980	0.982	0.990	0.987	0.270
Li et al., 2011/10 [21]	Netherlands	0.482/0.226	0.981	0.985	0.990	0.992	1.084
Goleva-Fjellet et al., 2020/1 [26]	Norway	0.492/0.229	0.982	0.984	0.990	0.989	0.450
Shaheen et al., 2019/1 [27]	Pakistan	0.268/0.05	0.983	0.984	0.988	0.990	0.312
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Philippines	0.550/0.295	0.983	0.980	0.992	0.991	0.516
Li et al., 2011/3 [21]	Poland	0.570/0.256	0.984	0.989	0.999	0.997	0.628
Li et al., 2011/1 [21]	Portugal	0.440/0.170	0.983	0.983	0.988	0.986	0.569
Marginean et al., 2015/1 [28]	Romania	0.301/0.151	0.986	0.985	0.998	1.001	0.784
Li et al., 2011/2 [21]	Russia	0.480/0.233	0.976	0.986	0.996	1.002	0.169
Li et al., 2011/4 [21]	Singapore	0.692/0.475	0.977	0.974	0.989	0.986	−1.229
Li et al., 2011/9 [21]	Spain	0.413/0.170	0.987	0.988	0.995	0.992	1.055
Li et al., 2011/5 [21]	Sweden	0.492/0.242	0.982	0.981	0.994	0.992	0.884
Lovati et al., 2001/1 [29]	Switzerland	0.509/0.211	0.984	0.983	0.991	0.987	0.723
Li et al., 2011/21 [21]	Turkey	0.418/0.181	0.987	0.987	0.999	1.000	0.407
Li et al., 2011/14 [21]	UK	0.476/0.231	0.985	0.986	0.993	0.992	1.190
Saeed et al., 2005/1 [30]	United Arab Emirates	–/0.06	0.981	0.983	1.001	0.993	−0.193
Li et al., 2011/5 [21]	USA	0.440/0.196	0.984	0.984	0.996	0.993	0.680