Alaranta 1994.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT; 2 arms; assessed pretreatment, 3 months follow‐up, 1 year follow‐up | |
| Participants | 3 month follow‐up n = 286 Start of treatment n = 293 Sex: 160 F, 133 M Mean age = 40.5 (SD 4.5) Source = patients referred for inpatient rehabilitation Diagnosis = chronic low back pain Mean years of pain = not given (minimum 6 months) |
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| Interventions | "progressive intervention of intensive physical training and psychosocial activation AKSELI" "control: less intensive physical training and passive physical therapies" |
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| Outcomes |
Primary pain outcome: none Primary disability outcome: none Primary distress outcome: BDI Lumbar flexion‐extension Lateral flexion Trunk rotation Hamstring tightness Number of sit‐ups Number of arch‐ups Static strength of back muscles Number of squats Million index of pain and disability: mean of 14 items rated 0 to 100 Low back pain capacity 1 to 3 Leisure activities physical intensity 0 to 10 Number of visits to doctors (12‐month follow‐up) Number of physical therapy outpatient visits (12‐month follow‐up) WHO occupational handicap 0 to 5 Sick days Beck Depression Inventory Symptom Check List Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Social Adjustment Scale Karolinska Scales of Personality |
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| Notes | Excluded from 2009 review for marginal psychological content; included in 2012 update No data provided Funding statement: None included in paper Conflict of interest statement: None included in paper |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method not described |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | No information but post‐randomisation exclusion of participants “not fit” for intervention group |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Self‐report and examination by psychiatrist and physiotherapist at baseline and follow‐up. No statement about blinding. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Attrition < 10%, method for dealing with missing data not described |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Trial not pre‐registered. Many outcomes not reported in results section |
| Treatment expectations | Unclear risk | Not assessed |