Table 3.
Multiple mediator analysis among the predictors of both past 30-day e-cigarette and cigarette use
| E-cigarettes (past 30 days) | Cigarettes (past 30 days) | |||||
| Variable | b | (SE) | β | b | (SE) | β |
| Total effect from survey type to past-30-day e-cigarette/cigarette use | ||||||
| Survey | ||||||
| MTF | Reference | Reference | ||||
| PATH | -0.970*** | (0.150) | -.216 | -0.859*** | (0.169) | -.188 |
| Direct from survey type to past-30-day e-cigarette/cigarette use | ||||||
| Survey | ||||||
| MTF | Reference | Reference | ||||
| PATH | -0.155 | (0.140) | -.035 | -0.250 | (0.169) | -.055 |
| Total and specific indirect effect from survey type to specific mediator to past-30-day e-cigarette/cigarette use | ||||||
| Total indirect effect | -0.814*** | (1.02) | -.182 | -0.609*** | (0.117) | -.133 |
| Attitudes | ||||||
| No risk/No harm, Slight risk/A little harm, | ||||||
| Moderate risk/Some harm (e-cigarettes) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Great risk/A lot of harm of using e-cigarettes | -0.247*** | (0.061) | -.055 | -0.107 | (0.060) | .023 |
| No risk/No harm, Slight risk/A little harm, | ||||||
| Moderate risk/Some harm (cigarettes) | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Great risk/A lot of harm using cigarettes | -0.026* | (0.011) | -.006 | -0.100*** | (0.024) | -.022 |
| Peer group | ||||||
| Some, most, all friends use e-cigarettes | Reference | Reference | ||||
| No friends use e-cigarettes | -0.553*** | (0.061) | -.123 | -0.117* | (0.047) | -.026 |
| Some, most, all friends use cigarettes | Reference | Reference | ||||
| No friends use cigarettes | -0.036 | (0.049) | -.008 | -0.633*** | (0.087) | -.139 |
| Awareness | ||||||
| Did not notice warnings on cigarette packs | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Noticed warnings on cigarette packs | 0.038** | (0.013) | .008 | 0.064*** | (0.019) | .014 |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | 0.002 | (0.003) | .001 | -0.005 | (0.005) | -.001 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Black | -0.018 | (0.011) | -.004 | -0.030* | (0.015) | -.007 |
| Other | 0.006 | (0.026) | .001 | 0.064* | (0.032) | .014 |
| Parental education | ||||||
| Both parents have less than a college degree | Reference | Reference | ||||
| At least one parent has a college degree or higher | 0.028 | (0.021) | .006 | 0.055* | (0.027) | .012 |
| Average grade in school | ||||||
| C+/B or higher | Reference | Reference | ||||
| C or lower | 0.001 | (0.004) | .001 | 0.001 | (0.009) | .001 |
| U.S. region | ||||||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Midwest | -0.001 | (0.004) | -.001 | -0.002 | (0.005) | -.001 |
| South | 0.004 | (0.005) | .001 | 0.001 | (0.003) | .001 |
| West | -0.011 | (0.013) | -.002 | -0.011 | (0.016) | -.003 |
Notes: Analyses do not use weights given that the two data sets were merged. All analyses do not use weights or account for the complex sampling design in either the PATH or MTF studies. All analyses used full information maximum likelihood estimation listwise to handle missing data across the items. B = unstandardized estimate; SE = standard error (unstandardized); β = standardized estimate; MTF = Monitoring the Future Study; PATH = Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.