Table 2.

The case reports previously published on patients with Holt-Oram syndrome and identified malignancy

Age/sex	Malignancy	Skeletal anomalies	Heart defect	References
16 years/female	Adenocarcinoma	Short upper appendages with small scapulae, humeri, radii, and phalanges	Atrial septal defect*	Rabinowitz et al. 1971
24 years/male	Lymphosarcoma	Left arm 10 cm shorter than the right. Deformity of the end of the humerus with the congenital subluxation of the elbow; fusion of metacarpal bones; absence of left thumb, fifth finger, first and fifth metacarpal bones	Atrial septal defect	Nik-Akhtar et al. 1974
23 years/female	Pheochromocytoma	Bilateral agenesis of radial bone and first finger	Dextrocardia, single ventricle, pulmonary atresia	Yoshihara et al. 2008
41 years/male	Adenocarcinoma	Bilateral radial foreshortening, triphalangeal thumbs, digit aplasia	Not reported	Aherne et al. 2013
7 months/female	Nephroblastoma	Bilateral absence of the radial bones; deformed, shortened ulna bones; and bony ankylosis of the elbows	Ventricular septal defect	Usang et al. 2016
31 years/male	Squamous cell carcinoma	Bilateral thumb anomalies	Atrial septal defect	Rana et al. 2017

The patient HOS and malignancy characteristics are provided when available. *Patient refused catheterization but had findings consistent with ASD. HOS: Holt-Oram syndrome, ASD: Atrial septal defect