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. 2020 Aug 17;8(2):e001113. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001113

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) significantly reduces plasma soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) levels. (A) A model of the TPE procedure in which patient plasma is separated and replaced to extract non-cellular substances confined to the plasma. (B) A diagram of the present study in which 24 patients undergo plasma exchange. (C) All plasma levels of sPD-L1 immediately prior to (pre) and after (post) TPE using albumin replacement fluid are plotted. TPE significantly reduced sPD-L1 levels in patient plasma by Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p<0.0001). (D) In a typical timeline, patient sPD-L1 levels are reduced by each successive session of TPE (gray bars). See also table 2, online supplementary figures 2–3.