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. 2020 Aug 20;71:102188. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102188

Table 2.

Effect of lines on turnout in matched dataset (2012 in-person voters only).

(1) (2) (3) (4)
Long wait
−0.0076***
(0.0019)
−0.0107**
(0.0037)
−0.0116**
(0.0043)
−0.0161**
(0.0049)
‘Treatment’ group 15–30 min. 30–45 min. 45–60 min. 60+ min.
Observations (weighted) 111,623.7 29,765.9 21,352.8 18,186.4

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

OLS coefficients reported.

Controls and state fixed effects included.

Control group is always people where lines were between 0 and 15 min.