Table 1.
Reviewed patients’ characteristics and clinical manifestations (n = 92).
| Variables | Number (% except for age) |
|---|---|
| Median age (range, years) | 66 (16–92) |
| Male gender (%) | 50 (54) |
| Smoking history | |
| Current smoker | 5 (5) |
| Ex-smoker | 17 (18) |
| Never smoker | 36 (39) |
| Unknown | 34 (37) |
| Infectious routes | |
| Cruise ship | 25 (27) |
| Music club, bar, night club | 3 (3) |
| Travel history | 6 (7) |
| Nursing home | 10 (11) |
| Sick contact | 28 (30) |
| Other | 2 (2) |
| Unknown | 21 (23) |
| Underlying diseases (n = 90) | |
| Any | 60 (67) |
| Heart disease | 7 (8) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 10 (11) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (20) |
| Malignancy | 11 (12) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (4) |
| Chronic hepatic disease | 4 (4) |
| Hypertension | 32 (36) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14 (16) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 (9) |
| Collagen vascular disease | 4 (4) |
| Symptoms on diagnosis | |
| Fever (≧37.5 °C) | 66 (72) |
| Cough | 37 (40) |
| Sputum | 4 (4) |
| Sorethroat | 15 (16) |
| Runny nose | 9 (10) |
| Dyspnea | 13 (14) |
| General fatigue | 33 (36) |
| Headache | 5 (5) |
| Anorexia | 10 (11) |
| Diarrhea | 10 (11) |
| Stomachache | 2 (2) |
| Consciousness disturbance | 2 (2) |
| Nausea/vomit | 5 (5) |
| Headache | 13 (14) |
| Taste disorder | 5 (5) |
| Olfactory disorder | 3 (3) |
| Respiratory rate ≧22 (/min) | 10/69 (14) |
| Respiratory failure [SpO2<90% (room air)] | 11/90 (12) |
| Fine crackles on ausculations | 10/68 (15) |
| Treatment (n = 82) | |
| Prednisolone | 16 (20) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 11 (13) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir, | 28 (34) |
| Macrolides | 16 (20) |
| Neuraminidase inhibitors | 7 (9) |
| Ciclesonide, | 26 (32) |
| Camostat | 5 (6) |
| Nafamostat | 2 (2) |
| Favipiravir | 18 (22) |
| Baloxavir | 2 (2) |
| Kampo medicine | 6 (7) |
| Sivelestat | 3 (4) |
| Hemodialysis | 2 (2) |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 3 (4) |
| Intratracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation | 14 (17) |
| Outcome∗ (n = 65) | |
| Survival | 61 (94) |
| Death | 4 (6) |
SpO2, oxygen saturation.
∗
Twenty-seven patients moved to other institutes or under treatment.