Table 2.
Case-Control Comparisons | Case-Case Comparisons | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Polyp Controls | Hyperplastic Polyps (HP) | Adenomatous Polyps (AP) | Sessile Serrated Polyps (SSP) | AP vs. HP | SSP vs. HP | SSP vs. AP | ||||
n | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study | ||||||||||
Frequency of yogurt intakea | ||||||||||
ALL | ||||||||||
Never/Rarely | 1581 | 268 | 1.00 (ref) | 914 | 1.00 (ref) | 108 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Monthly Less than Weekly | 591 | 82 | 1.01(0.76–1.35) | 251 | 1.00(0.83–1.20) | 28 | 0.82(0.51–1.31) | 0.98(0.72–1.34) | 0.81(0.48–1.37) | 0.83(0.51–1.34) |
Weekly Less than Daily | 845 | 105 | 1.00(0.76–1.33) | 290 | 0.92(0.77–1.10) | 39 | 0.94(0.61–1.45) | 0.92(0.68–1.24) | 0.94(0.57–1.54) | 1.02(0.65–1.60) |
Daily | 241 | 16 | 0.54(0.31–0.95) | 81 | 0.93(0.69–1.25) | 6 | 0.49 (0.19–1.24) | 1.72(0.95–3.11) | 0.90(0.31–2.61) | 0.52(0.20–1.36) |
Ptrend | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.45 | ||||
MALES | ||||||||||
Never/Rarely | 1129 | 206 | 1.00 (ref) | 754 | 1.00 (ref) | 86 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Monthly Less than Weekly | 288 | 46 | 1.02(0.7–1.47) | 150 | 0.95(0.75–1.21) | 10 | 0.51(0.25–1.05) | 0.94(0.64–1.38) | 0.50(0.23–1.09) | 0.53(0.26–1.11) |
Weekly Less than Daily | 286 | 43 | 1.04(0.71–1.53) | 156 | 1.08(0.85–1.38) | 16 | 1.03(0.57–1.86) | 1.04(0.69–1.56) | 0.99(0.51–1.93) | 0.95(0.52–1.74) |
Daily | 77 | 4 | 0.28(0.09–0.91) | 45 | 1.19(0.79–1.79) | 3 | 0.71(0.21–2.37) | 4.27(1.29–14.14) | 2.54(0.49–13.2) | 0.6(0.18–2.03) |
Ptrend | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.97 | 0.37 | ||||
FEMALES | ||||||||||
Never/Rarely | 452 | 62 | 1.00 (ref) | 160 | 1.00 (ref) | 22 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Monthly Less than Weekly | 303 | 36 | 1(0.63–1.6) | 101 | 0.99(0.73–1.35) | 18 | 1.29(0.64–2.59) | 0.99(0.59–1.64) | 1.28(0.57–2.88) | 1.3(0.63–2.7) |
Weekly Less than Daily | 559 | 62 | 1(0.66–1.52) | 134 | 0.73(0.55–0.98) | 23 | 0.97(0.48–1.92) | 0.73(0.46–1.17) | 0.96(0.44–2.1) | 1.32(0.64–2.71) |
Daily | 164 | 12 | 0.73(0.37–1.45) | 36 | 0.68(0.44–1.06) | 3 | 0.41(0.09–1.84) | 0.93(0.43–2) | 0.56(0.11–2.84) | 0.6(0.13–2.81) |
Ptrend | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0.86 | ||||
Daily amount of yogurt intakea | ||||||||||
None/rarely | 1581 | 268 | 1.00 (ref) | 914 | 1.00 (ref) | 108 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
>0 to 0.06 cups | 559 | 75 | 0.99(0.74–1.34) | 226 | 0.97(0.8–1.17) | 22 | 0.75(0.46–1.24) | 0.76(0.43–1.33) | 1.25(0.77–2.03) | 0.78(0.46–1.3) |
0.07 to 0.20 cups | 565 | 71 | 0.99(0.73–1.35) | 204 | 0.92(0.75–1.12) | 31 | 1.01(0.63–1.61) | 1.01(0.60–1.73) | 1.09(0.65–1.83) | 1.10(0.68–1.79) |
>0.20 cups | 544 | 55 | 0.79(0.55–1.12) | 189 | 0.98(0.79–1.22) | 20 | 0.77(0.43–1.36) | 0.98(0.51–1.87) | 1.12(0.62–1.99) | 0.78(0.44–1.41) |
Ptrend | 0.34 | 0.59 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.62 | ||||
Johns Hopkins Biofilm Study | ||||||||||
Frequency of yogurt intakeb | ||||||||||
ALL | ||||||||||
Does not eat yogurt/rarely | 196 | 20 | 1.00 (ref) | 139 | 1.00 (ref) | 36 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
1 or more/month | 110 | 14 | 1.45 (0.69–3.04) | 72 | 1.00 (0.68–1.46) | 25 | 1.29 (0.72–2.31) | 0.68 (0.32–1.45) | 0.89 (0.37–2.14) | 1.32 (0.72–2.42) |
1 or more/week | 271 | 29 | 1.27 (0.68–2.39) | 122 | 0.75 (0.54–1.04) | 35 | 0.76 (0.44, 1.29) | 0.60 (0.31–1.15) | 0.60 (0.27–1.30) | 1.00 (0.57–1.75) |
Ptrend | 0.51 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 1.00 | ||||
MALES | ||||||||||
Does not eat yogurt/rarely | 106 | 9 | 1.00 (ref) | 88 | 1.00 (ref) | 21 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
1 or more/month | 34 | 8 | 3.06 (1.06–8.84) | 38 | 1.41 (0.80–2.49) | 10 | 1.57 (0.65–3.77) | 0.46 (0.16–1.33) | 0.51 (0.15–1.81) | 1.12 (0.47–2.69) |
1 or more/week | 93 | 12 | 2.13 (0.81–5.61) | 50 | 0.71 (0.44–1.09) | 13 | 0.75 (0.34–1.68) | 0.33 (0.12–0.90) | 0.35 (0.11–1.16) | 1.06 (0.46–2.46) |
Ptrend | 0.11 | 0.20/ | 0.54 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.87 | ||||
FEMALES | ||||||||||
Does not eat yogurt/rarely | 90 | 11 | 1.00 (ref) | 51 | 1.00 (ref) | 15 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
1 or more/month | 76 | 6 | 0.71 (0.24–2.07) | 34 | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 15 | 1.13 (0.50–2.55) | 1.07 (0.35–3.29) | 1.59 (0.45–5.64) | 1.49 (0.62–3.58) |
1 or more/week | 178 | 17 | 0.77 (0.33–1.79) | 72 | 0.74 (0.46–1.17) | 22 | 0.73 (0.35–1.54) | 0.96 (0.39–2.34) | 0.95 (0.33–2.72) | 0.99 (0.45–2.19) |
Ptrend | 0.57 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.90 | ||||
Use of a probiotic supplementb | ||||||||||
ALL | ||||||||||
Yes | 119 | 12 | 1.01 (0.51–2.00) | 47 | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 13 | 0.66 (0.34–1.24) | 0.73 (0.35–1.52) | 0.65 (0.27–1.57) | 0.88 (0.44–1.74) |
No | 458 | 51 | 1.00 (ref) | 286 | 1.00 (ref) | 83 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
MALES | ||||||||||
Yes | 27 | 1 | 0.29 (0.04–2.27) | 21 | 1.10 (0.58–2.09) | 3 | 0.54 (0.15–1.92) | 3.86 (0.48–31.0) | 1.88 (0.18–20.0) | 0.49 (0.14–1.78) |
No | 206 | 28 | 1.00 (ref) | 155 | 1.00 (ref) | 41 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
FEMALES | ||||||||||
Yes | 92 | 11 | 1.46 (0.66–3.23) | 26 | 0.56 (0.34–0.92) | 10 | 0.69 (0.32–1.48) | 0.38 (0.16–0.92) | 0.47 (0.17–1.34) | 1.23 (0.53–2.86) |
No | 252 | 23 | 1.00 (ref) | 131 | 1.00 (ref) | 42 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Adjusted for sex, study location, age, regular alcohol drinking status, BMI, smoking status, physical activity in the past 10 years, educational attainment, NSAID use, red meat intake, dietary energy intake, and frequency of non-yogurt dairy intake
Adjusted for sex, age, cigarette use (current/former/never), overweight (BMI less than or greater than 25 kg/m2), prior colon polyp (yes/no), history of cholecystectomy (yes/no), diabetes mellitus diagnosis (yes/no), hypertension diagnosis (yes/no), hyperlipidemia diagnosis (yes/no), physical activity (yes/no) and >10 alcohol drinks/week (yes/no)