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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Heart Fail. 2020 Jul 28;13(8):e007067. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007067

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Heart Failure, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2002–2015)

Total HF No HF P value HFpEF HFrEF P value
N 6,507 319 (5%) 6,188 (95%) 135 (42%)* 162 (51%)*
Age, years 62 (10) 68 (9) 62 (10) <0.001 69 (9) 67 (9) 0.03
< 65 years 3,667 (56%) 95 (30%) 3,572 (58%) <0.001 34 (25%) 57 (35%) 0.06
≥ 65 years 2,840 (44%) 224 (70%) 2,616 (42%) 101 (75%) 105 (65%)
Sex
Men 3,065 (47%) 191 (60%) 2,874 (46%) <0.001 66 (49%) 112 (69%) <0.001
Women 3,442 (53%) 128 (40%) 3,314 (54%) 69 (51%) 50 (31%)
Race/ethnicity
White 2,532 (39%) 130 (41%) 2,402 (39%) 0.04 59 (44%) 62 (38%) 0.007
Chinese American 787 (12%) 23 (7%) 764 (12%) 14 (10%) 4 (2%)
Black 1,757 (27%) 96 (30%) 1,661 (27%) 33 (24%) 61 (38%)
Hispanic 1,431 (22%) 70 (22%) 1,361 (22%) 29 (21%) 35 (22%)
Education
≥ bachelor’s degree 2,304 (35%) 96 (30%) 2,208 (36%) 0.04 42 (31%) 47 (29%) 0.69
< bachelor’s degree 4,203 (65%) 223 (70%) 3,980 (64%) 93 (69%) 115 (71%)
BMI, kg/m2 28 (5) 30 (6) 28 (5) <0.001 30 (6) 29 (5) 0.14
Current smoker 832 (13%) 45 (14%) 787 (13%) 0.007 16 (12%) 27 (17%) 0.50
Former smoker 2,390 (37%) 140(44%) 2,250 (36%) 62 (46%) 70 (43%)
Never smoker 3,285 (50%) 134 (42%) 3,151 (51%) 57 (42%) 65 (40%)
Pack-years of smoking if >0, median (IQI) 17 (6–33) 20 (7–38) 16 (6–32) 0.01 21 (7–46) 18 (7–31) 0.03
Physical activity MET-minutes/week 4,028 (1,985–7,530) 3,540 (1,680–6,480) 4,050 (1,995–7576) 0.17 3,255 (2100–5,330) 3,966 (1,680–7,943) 0.23
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 126 (22) 138 (23) 126 (21) <0.001 139 (23) 137 (23) 0.54
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73m2 78 (16) 72 (19) 78 (16) <0.001 73 (18) 71 (19) 0.48
Total cholesterol, mg/dL 194 (35) 190 (35) 194 (35) 0.05 189 (35) 190 (37) 0.88
HDL-C, mg/dL 51 (15) 48 (14) 51 (15) 0.001 50 (14) 47 (13) 0.04
Diabetes mellitus 810 (12%) 91 (29%) 719 (12%) <0.001 36 (27%) 45 (28%) 0.97
Antihypertensive medication 2,405 (37%) 188 (59%) 2,217 (36%) <0.001 80 (59%) 93 (57%) 0.75
Lipid-lowering medication 1,065 (16%) 61 (19%) 1,004 (16%) 0.17 23 (17%) 34 (21%) 0.39
NT-proBNP 53 (24, 107) 117 (59, 251) 51 (23, 102) <0.001 117 (61, 232) 125 (59, 269) 0.28
GlycA, μmol/L 375 (337–419) 389 (352–438) 374 (337–419) <0.001 393 (361–447) 381 (345–427) 0.01
hsCRP, mg/L 1.9 (0.8–4.2) 2.5 (1.1–5.0) 1.9 (0.8–4.1) 0.003 2.5 (1.1–5.6) 2.4 (1.2–4.6) 0.13
IL-6 pg/mL 1.2 (0.8–1.9) 1.5 (1.1–2.5) 1.2 (0.8–1.9) <0.001 1.6 (1.1–2.7) 1.5 (1.0–2.3) 0.15
Fibrinogen, mg/dL 337 (295–388) 352 (314–406) 337 (294–387) <0.001 349 (319–408) 352 (303–402) 0.38

Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6.

*

n=22 (7%) of HF cases were unknown subtype.

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and as count (percentages) for categorical variables, unless otherwise specified

Data are presented as median (IQI)