Table 2:
The Association of GlycA with Total HF and its subtypes of HFpEF and HFrEF: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000 to 2015)*
| GlycA in μmol/L [Median (IQI)] |
Quartile 1 [314 (294–327)] |
Quartile 2 [358 (348–367)] |
Quartile 3 [396 (386–406)] |
Quartile 4 [451 (434–477)] |
Per 1 SD (61 μmol/L) increment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence rates (95% CI) and Hazard ratios (95% CI) of total HF events (n=319) by GlycA: N=6,507 § | |||||
| N | 1,647 | 1,608 | 1,631 | 1,621 | 6,507 |
| Cases | 58 | 74 | 78 | 109 | 319 |
| Incidence rate† | 2.8 (2.2–3.6) | 3.7 (2.9–4.6) | 3.9 (3.1–4.9) | 5.7 (4.7–6.9) | 4.0 (3.6–4.5) |
| Hazard Ratio‡ | |||||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.30 (0.92–1.83) | 1.46 (1.03–2.06)* | 2.46 (1.76–3.43)* | 1.43 (1.29–1.59)* |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.21 (0.86–1.71) | 1.26 (0.89–1.79) | 2.03 (1.44–2.86)* | 1.36 (1.21–1.52)* |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 1.13 (0.79–1.61) | 1.69 (1.19–2.40)* | 1.26 (1.13–1.42)* |
| Model 4 | 1 (reference) | 1.09 (0.77–1.55) | 1.06 (0.74–1.53) | 1.48 (1.01–2.18)* | 1.22 (1.07–1.39)* |
| Model 5 | 1 (reference) | 1.17 (0.82,1.66) | 1.13 (0.79,1.61) | 1.60 (1.12, 2.28)* | 1.20 (1.07,1.35)* |
| Incidence rates (95% CI) and Hazard ratios (95% CI) of HFpEF (n=135) by GlycA: N=6,507 § | |||||
| N | 1,647 | 1,608 | 1,631 | 1,621 | 6,507 |
| Cases | 18 | 30 | 36 | 51 | 135 |
| Incidence rate† | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 2.7 (2.0–3.5) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
| Hazard Ratio‡ | |||||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.67 (0.93–3.00) | 2.03 (1.14–3.60)* | 3.30 (1.88–5.79)* | 1.56 (1.33–1.82)* |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.50 (0.83–2.71) | 1.65 (0.92–2.96) | 2.57 (1.44–4.59)* | 1.47 (1.24–1.74)* |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.42 (0.78–2.57) | 1.60 (0.88–2.88) | 2.38 (1.32–4.29)* | 1.41 (1.19–1.67)* |
| Model 4 | 1 (reference) | 1.40 (0.77–2.54) | 1.55 (0.85–2.84) | 2.18 (1.15–4.13)* | 1.41 (1.15–1.71)* |
| Model 5 | 1 (reference) | 1.47 (0.81,2.67) | 1.61 (0.89,2.91) | 2.41 (1.33, 4.37)* | 1.38 (1.17, 1.64)* |
| Incidence rates (95% CI) and Hazard ratios (95% CI) of HFrEF (n=162) by GlycA: N=6,507 § | |||||
| N | 1,647 | 1,608 | 1,631 | 1,621 | 6,507 |
| Cases | 38 | 38 | 37 | 49 | 162 |
| Incidence rate† | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | 1.9 (1.3–2.6) | 2.6 (1.9–3.4) | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) |
| Hazard Ratio‡ | |||||
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.02 (0.65–1.60) | 1.09 (0.69–1.73) | 1.81 (1.16–2.82)* | 1.28 (1.10–1.50)* |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 0.98 (0.62–1.55) | 0.98 (0.61–1.56) | 1.57 (0.99–2.48) | 1.22 (1.04–1.45)* |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 0.91 (0.58–1.44) | 0.84 (0.53–1.35) | 1.24 (0.78–1.98) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) |
| Model 4 | 1 (reference) | 0.88 (0.55–1.39) | 0.78 (0.48–1.27) | 1.06 (0.63–1.79) | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) |
| Model 5 | 1 (reference) | 0.94 (0.59,1.48) | 0.84 (0.52,1.35) | 1.08 (0.66,1.74) | 1.03 (0.87,1.22) |
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; CI, confidence interval
Statistically significant results at P <0.05
Incidence rates reported are per 1000 person-years.
Hazard ratios are adjusted as follows:
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, MESA site
Model 2: model 1 plus education, health insurance, BMI, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and physical activity.
Model 3: model 2 plus systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, total cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering medications, diabetes and eGFR
Model 4: model 3 plus ln(CRP), ln(IL-6) and ln(Fibrinogen)
Model 5: model 3 plus ln(NT-ProBNP)
Using GlycA quartiles, P = 0.47, 0.54 and 0.77 for interaction by sex for HF, HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively; P= 0.82, 0.60 and 0.86 for interaction by age for HF, HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively; P = 0.71, 0.18 and 0.60 for interaction by race for HF, HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively.