Table 1.

Comparison of the characteristics of human RNases.

Name	Amino acid number	Protein molecular weight (kD)	Localization	Substrate	RNA sensor	Cleavage site	Fragment	References
RNase T2	256	29	Lysosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, secreted	Bacterial, protozoan ssRNA, dsRNA	TLR8	Before uridine	Oligonucleotides with cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate termini and uridine	(3, 26, 32, 33)
RNase L	741	83	Mitochondria, cytosol	Viral and self-cellular dsRNA, ssRNA	TLR3, NLRP3, RIG-I	UA, UU	Small structured RNAs with 5′-OH and 3′-monophosphoryl, cyclic 2',3'-phosphate	(34–36)
IRE-1	977	109	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Endoplasmic reticulum-localized mRNA	RLR	XBP1-like consensus site	mRNA fragments	(37, 38)
RNase 1	156	17	Secreted	Extracellular self RNA	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(9, 39, 40)
RNase 2	161	18	Lysosome, cytoplasmic granule, secreted	Bacterial, protozoan, viral ssRNA, dsRNA	TLR8	After uridine	Oligonucleotides with cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate termini and uridine	(9, 26, 39)
RNase 3	160	18	Secreted	Bacterial, viral ssRNA	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(41, 42)
RNase 4	147	16	Secreted	viral ssRNA	Unknown	3′ side of uridine	Unknown	(43, 44)
RNase 5	147	16	Nucleus, secreted	Bacterial, fungi, viral, tumor cells snRNA, tRNA, rRNA	Unknown	UA, CA	Oligonucleotides (3′ tRFs)	(45–48)
RNase 6	150	17	Lysosome, cytoplasmic granule, secreted	Bacterial, viral ssRNA	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(9, 49)
RNase 7	156	17	Secreted	Bacterial, fungi, ssRNA	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(49–51)
RNase 8	154	17	Secreted	Bacterial ssRNA	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	(52)