Skip to main content
. 2020 Aug 13;11:1971. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01971

Figure 3.

Figure 3

PcrV promotes macrophage M1 polarization. (A) Gene expression and (B) cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with or without PcrV (10 μg/ml) for 24 h were analyzed by gene chip and protein chip, respectively. M1-related genes were marked in blank; M2-related genes were marked in blue. (C) Gene expression in BMDMs treated with LPS + IFNγ, hydrolyzed PcrV (PK), and PcrV (10 μg/ml) for 24 h was verified by RT-qPCR. (D) Levels of TNFα, IL12 p40/70, and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the culture supernatants of the treated BMDMs were assayed by ELISA assay. The production of iNOS (E) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; G,H) in Raw264.7 treated with LPS + IFNγ, PK, and PcrV for 6 h were detected by western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. (F) The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of Raw264.7 treated with the indicated compound for 24 h was detected by NO detection kit. One-way ANOVA (Tukey’s post hoc, C,D,F,G) was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s. indicates no significance.