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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020 Jun 15;117:108058. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108058

Table 1:

Characteristics of participants and HIV transmission risk behaviors, stratified by willingness to use LAI-PrEP (Bivariate associations; N=234).

Variables Entire Sample (N = 234) Willingness to use LAI-PrEPe OR f (95% CI g) p

Frequency % No (n = 62) Yes (n = 172)

Characteristics of participants

Age: Mean (±SD), years a 42.7 (±10.2) 41.5 (±10.6) 43.1 (±10.0) 1.016 (0.987, 1.046) 0.283
Sex
 Male 119 50.9 40 (17.1) 79 (33.8) - -
 Female 115 49.1 22 (9.4) 93 (39.7) 2.140 (1.174, 3.902) 0.013
Heterosexual sexual orientation
 No 49 20.9 12 (5.1) 37 (15.8) - -
 Yes 185 79.1 50 (21.4) 135 (57.7) 0.876 (0.423, 1.803) 0.721
Ethnicity
 Non-White 86 36.8 22 (9.4) 64 (27.4) - -
 White 148 63.2 40 (17.1) 108 (46.2) 0.928 (0.507, 1.700) 0.809
Currently married/living with partner
 No 183 78.2 46 (19.7) 137 (58.5) - -
 Yes 51 21.8 16 (6.8) 35 (15.0) 0.734 (0.372, 1.449) 0.373
High school graduate
 No 65 27.8 16 (6.8) 49 (20.9) - -
 Yes 169 72.2 46 (19.7) 123 (52.6) 0.873 (0.452, 1.686) 0.686
Employed
 No 205 87.6 52 (22.2) 153 (65.4) - -
 Yes 29 12.4 10 (4.3) 19 (8.1) 0.646 (0.282, 1.478) 0.300
Income level
 < $10,000 68 29.1 18 (7.7) 50 (21.4) - -
 ≥ $10,000 166 70.9 44 (18.8) 1 22 (54.1) 0.998 (0.527, 1.892) 0.996
Homelessb
 No 103 44.0 26 (11.1) 77 (32.9) - -
 Yes 131 56.0 36 (15.4) 95 (40.6) 0.891 (0.495, 1.603) 0.700
Visited healthcare providerb
 No 27 11.5 12 (5.1) 15 (6.4) - -
 Yes 207 88.5 50 (21.4) 157 (67.1) 2.512 (1.103, 5.721) 0.028
Methadone Dose (mg): Mean (±SD) a 81.9 (±30.5) 86.9 (±31.2) 80.0 (±30.2) 0.992 (0.983, 1.002) 0.129
Moderate to severe depression
 No 60 25.6 16 (6.8) 44 (18.8) - -
 Yes 174 74.4 46 (19.7) 128 (54.7) 1.012 (0.521, 1.966) 0.972
Alcohol use disorder
 No 161 68.8 45 (19.2) 116 (49.6) - -
 Yes 73 31.2 17 (7.3) 56 (23.9) 1.278 (0.672, 2.430) 0.455

HIV transmission risk behaviors

Duration of drug use: Mean (±SD a) years 18.4 (±10.1) 18.3 (±10.3) 18.4 (±10.1) 1.001 (0.973, 1.031) 0.926
Used illicit drug c
 No 74 31.6 22 (9.4) 52 (22.2) - -
 Yes 160 68.4 40 (17.1) 120 (51.3) 1.269 (0.687, 2.344) 0.446
Injected any illicit drug c n = 160
 No 55 23.5 15 (9.4) 40 (25.0) - -
 Yes 105 44.9 25 (15.6) 80 (80 (50.0) 1.200 (0.570, 2.526) 0.631
Shared injection equipment c n = 105
 No 62 26.5 15 (14.3) 47 (44.8) - -
 Yes 43 18.4 10 (9.5) 33 (31.4) 1.053 (0.422, 2.631) 0.912
Engaged in sexual intercourse c
 No 67 28.6 18 (7.7) 49 (20.9) - -
 Yes 167 71.4 44 (18.8) 123 (52.6) 1.027 (0.541, 1.949) 0.935
Multiple sex partner c n = 167
 No 75 32.1 23 (13.8) 52 (31.1) - -
 Yes 92 39.3 21 (12.6) 71 (42.5) 1.495 (0.749, 2.985) 0.254
Consistent condom use c n = 167
 No 153 65.4 41 (24.6) 112 (67.1) - -
 Yes 14 6.0 3 (1.8) 11 (6.6) 1.342 (0.356, 5.054) 0.663
Engaged in transactional sex c n = 167
 No 121 51.7 36 (21.6) 85 (50.9) - -
 Yes 46 19.7 8 (4.8) 38 (22.8) 2.012 (0.854, 4.736) 0.110
Sex under the influence of alcohol c n = 167
 No 94 40.2 29 (17.4) 65 (38.9) - -
 Yes 73 31.2 15 (9.0) 58 (34.7) 1.725 (0.842, 3.533) 0.136
Perceived risk of HIV transmission
 Low 175 74.8 54 (23.1) 121 (51.7) - -
 High 59 25.2 8 (3.4) 51 (21.8) 2.845 (1.264, 6.404) 0.012
Satisfied with current method of HIV prevention
 No 89 38.0 22 (9.4) 67 (28.6) - -
 Yes 145 62.0 40 (17.1) 105 (44.9) 0.862 (0.471, 1.577) 0.630

PrEP-specific variablesd

Heard of oral PrEP
 No 77 32.9 28 (12.0) 49 (20.9) - -
 Yes 157 67.1 34 (14.5) 123 (52.6) 2.067 (1.135, 3.766) 0.018
Ever used oral PrEP
 No 174 32.9 56 (23.9) 118 (50.4) - -
 Yes 60 25.6 6 (2.6) 54 (23.1) 4.271 (1.734, 10.520) 0.002
Heard of LAI-PrEP e
 No 174 74.4 50 (21.4) 124 (53.0) - -
 Yes 60 25.6 12 (5.1) 48 (20.5) 1.613 (0.791, 3.290) 0.189

Note:

a

SD: standard deviation;

b

in the past 12 months;

c

in the past 30 days;

d

PrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis;

e

LAI-PrEP: long-acting injectable PrEP;

f

odds ratio;

g

confidence interval