Table 2.
Comparative summary of various sensing platforms reported in literature for calcium ion detection.
| Sensing element | Sensor type | Limit of detection | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calmodulin (CaM) | Fiber-optic sensor | 5 × 10−8 M | Blair et al., 1994 |
| Carboxylic polyether antibiotic A23187 | Fiber-optic sensor | 1 × 10−7 M | Suzuki et al., 1989 |
| Ionophore N,N,N′,N′-tetracyclohexyl-3-oxapentanediamide | Calcium-selective electrode | 100 pM | Schefer et al., 1986 |
| Sensing membrane consisting of modified merocyanine photoacid polymer and a calcium ionophore in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) | Optical sensor | 5 × 10−4 M | Johns et al., 2014 |
| NiCo2O4 nanostructures on 3-dimensional graphene foam | Electrochemical sensor | 4.45 μM | Wu et al., 2015 |
| α-Furildioxime ionophore | Potentiometric sensor | 1.25 × 10−7 M | Singh and Mehtab, 2007 |
| Arsenazo III (1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid-2,7-bis[(azo-2)-phenyl arsenic acid]) | Microfluidic fiber-optic sensor | 2.68 × 10−5 M | Caglar et al., 2006 |
| 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)imino]-1,2-diphenylethanone (HD) | Potentiometric sensor | 8.0 × 10−7 M | Ganjali et al., 2005 |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-carbon dots | Optical sensor | 77 pM | Ankireddy and Kim, 2018 |
| Hexametaphosphate-capped CdS QDs | Optical sensor | 4 μM | Liu et al., 2016 |
| 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-((3,6-Dicyanobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayl)tetrakis(sulfanediyl))tetra-benzoic acid | Optical sensor | 0.6 μM | Chen et al., 2019 |
| DNA aptamer | Optical sensor | 3.77 pM | This work |