Table 3.
Initial laboratory indices of different disease severity and clinical outcomes.
| Laboratory Tests | Reference values | Disease severity | P-value* | Clinical outcomes | P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Non-severe, value, median (IQR) (n = 69) |
Severe, value, median (IQR) (n = 52) |
Survival, value, median (IQR) (n = 107) |
Death, value, median (IQR) (n = 14) |
||||
| Hematologic | |||||||
| White blood cells, × 109/mL | 3.5–9.5 | 4.83 (4.03–6.70) | 7.11 (5.72–10.03) | <0.001 | 5.46 (4.18–7.68) | 7.53 (6.02–6.52) | 0.013 |
| Neurtrophils, × 109/mL | 1.8–6.3 | 2.90 (2.37–4.86) | 5.63 (4.26–9.19) | <0.001 | 3.67 (2.44–5.96) | 6.52 (4.91–11.97) | 0.003 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/mL | 1.1–3.2 | 1.05 (0.90–1.47) | 0.68 (0.52–0.92) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.72–1.29) | 0.62 (0.32–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Monocytes, × 109/mL | 0.1–0.6 | 0.46 (0.35–0.60) | 0.40 (0.26–0.58) | 0.049 | 0.44 (0.32–0.57) | 0.31 (0.26–0.58) | 0.355 |
| eosinophilis, × 109/mL | 0.02–0.52 | 0.04 (0.00–0.13) | 0.01 (0.00–0.075) | 0.017 | 0.03 (0.00–0.11) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 0.002 |
| basophils, × 109/mL | 0–0.06 | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.394 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.00–0.03) | 0.121 |
| Platelets, × 109/mL | 125–350 | 227.0 (186.5–267.0) | 172.0 (112.5–234.0) | <0.001 | 218.00 (175.00–259.00) | 123.00 (89.00–174.25) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 115–150 | 120.0 (109.0–131.0) | 122.0 (89.5–141.0) | 0.838 | 121.00 (105.00–134.00) | 132.00 (91.50–145.00) | 0.612 |
| Biochemical | |||||||
| ALT, U/L | 7–40 | 24.0 (16.5–45.5) | 24.0 (13.5–41.0) | 0.444 | 24.00 (16.00–43.00) | 21 (13.50–40.50) | 0.53 |
| AST, U/L | 13–35 | 26.0 (19.0–45.0) | 35.0 (21.0–53.5) | 0.15 | 29.00 (20.00–47.00) | 33.50 (24.25–44.50) | 0.381 |
| Albumin, g/L | 40–55 | 37.7 (33.75–40.8) | 34.40 (31.30–37.25) | 0.001 | 36.20 (32.50–39.40) | 35.70 (32.68–38.13) | 0.691 |
| Creatinine, μM | 41–81 | 59.0 (49.0–72.0) | 73.0 (54.5–83.0) | 0.003 | 65.00 (51.00–78.00) | 70.50 (52.75–85.00) | 0.418 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min | >90 | 98.4 (89.5–107.5) | 86.99 (66.83–97.39) | <0.001 | 94.78 (80.30–105.00) | 90.81 (71.15–102.30) | 409 |
| CK-MB, U/L | 40–200 | 55.0 (35.0–87.5) | 70.0 (42.5–116.5) | 0.108 | 59.00 (38.00–89.00) | 69.00 (34.25–326.50) | 0.345 |
| LDH, U/L | 120–160 | 238.0 (189.0–321.0) | 395.0 (274.5–589.0) | <0.001 | 286.00 (207.00–381.00) | 412.50 (248.75–648.25) | 0.013 |
| Coagulation function | |||||||
| PT, sec | 9–13 | 11.80 (11.02–12.58) | 13.00 (12.10–13.80) | <0.001 | 12.00 (11.30–13.03) | 13.45 (12.70–14.18) | 0.002 |
| APTT, sec | 25–31.3 | 27.10 (25.23–29.63) | 29.30 (27.50–31.80) | 0.001 | 27.90 (25.48–30.53) | 28.70 (27.55–32.83) | 0.203 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | 0–0.55 | 0.85 (0.41–1.76) | 3.93 (1.23–13.01) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.49–13.15) | 2.91 (1.03–10.88) | 0.081 |
| FDP, mg/L | 0–5 | 2.63 (0.89–5.97) | 13.03 (6.41–67.48) | <0.001 | 4.54 (1.48–13.15) | 8.63 (4.57–90.28) | 0.026 |
| Immune-related indices | |||||||
| CD3, /μL | 723–2737 | 755.0 (487.0–1055.0) | 394.50 (287.25–588.0) | <0.001 | 536.00 (403.00–899.50) | 284.50 (133.25–483.75) | <0.001 |
| CD4, /μL | 404–1612 | 450.0 (301.0–649.0) | 240.50 (165.00–323.75) | <0.001 | 356.00 (240.50–561.00) | 140.50 (75.25–247.75) | <0.001 |
| CD8, /μL | 12–39 | 221.0 (133.0–348.0) | 146.00 (74.00–253.75) | <0.001 | 203.00 (120.00–325.00) | 144.00 (40.25–242.75) | 0.049 |
| CD19, /μL | 80–616 | 155.0 (114.0–202.0) | 108.50 (57.00–145.75) | <0.001 | 138.00 (101.00–192.50) | 58.00 (37.75–136.60) | 0.004 |
| CD16+CD56, /μL | 84–724 | 130.0 (79.0–216.0) | 85.50 (44.00–111.75) | <0.001 | 11.00 (67.00–197.50) | 76.00 (38.00–107.75) | 0.037 |
| C3, g/L | 0.9–1.8 | 1.07 (0.93–1.17) | 0.93 (0.84–1.06) | 0.003 | 1.03 (0.91–1.15) | 0.86 (0.80–0.98) | 0.011 |
| C4, g/L | 0.1–0.4 | 0.27 (0.20–0.34) | 0.25 (0.20–0.33) | 0.46 | 0.27 (0.21–0.34) | 0.19 (0.16–0.27) | 0.011 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | ≤ 20.0 | 7.70 (5.27–19.71) | 28.91 (15.89–57.70) | <0.001 | Null value | – | |
| Interleukin-10, pg/mL | ≤ 5.9 | 6.11 (5.10–7.07) | 7.75 (6.15–9.37) | 0.006 | Null value | – | |
| Interferon-γ, pg/mL | ≤ 18 | 3.18 (2.83–3.72) | 3.63 (3.07–4.88) | 0.01 | Null value | – | |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK-MB, creatine kinase muscle-brain isoform; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; FDP, fibrinogen degradation products; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; IQR, interquartile range.
*
P-value was determined by Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon.