Table 2.
Summary of self-reported traits and characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder.
| Healthy controls | Autism spectrum disorder | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mdn | Range | Mean rank | Mean (SD) | Mdn | Range | Mean rank | U | p | ||
| AQ | |||||||||||
| Total | Total | 10.83 (5.94) | 10.5 | 2–24 | 14.04 | 32.6 (11.09) | 34 | 5–48 | 35.52 | 37 | <0.001 |
| Male | 11.75 (7.05) | 11.5 | 2–24 | 6.63 | 35.75 (7.35) | 36 | 21–48 | 18.38 | 1.5 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 9.92 (4.72) | 10 | 3–18 | 7.79 | 29.69 (13.33) | 34 | 5–48 | 17.81 | 15.5 | <0.001 | |
| Social | Total | 1.29 (1.52) | 1 | 0–5 | 13.38 | 6.84 (2.49) | 7 | 2–10 | 36.16 | 21 | <0.001 |
| Male | 1.67 (1.72) | 1 | 0–5 | 6.75 | 7.5 (1.98) | 7 | 4–10 | 18.25 | 3 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 0.92 (1.24) | 0.5 | 0–4 | 6.96 | 6.23 (2.83) | 7 | 2–10 | 18.58 | 5.5 | <0.001 | |
| Switching | Total | 2.88 (2.36) | 3 | 0–8 | 14.90 | 7.72 (2.51) | 8 | 1–10 | 34.70 | 57 | <0.001 |
| Male | 3.50 (2.50) | 3 | 0–8 | 7.67 | 8.00 (2.13) | 8.5 | 3–10 | 17.33 | 14 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 2.25 (2.14) | 2 | 0–7 | 7.67 | 7.46 (2.88) | 8 | 1–10 | 17.92 | 14 | <0.001 | |
| Detail | Total | 3.54 (2.55) | 3 | 0–10 | 17.29 | 6.72 (2.64) | 7 | 1–10 | 32.40 | 115 | <0.001 |
| Male | 3.08 (2.39) | 3 | 0–7 | 7.75 | 7.17 (2.25) | 8 | 3–10 | 17.25 | 15 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 4.00 (2.73) | 3 | 1–10 | 10.04 | 6.31 (2.98) | 6 | 1–10 | 15.73 | 42.5 | <0.001 | |
| Communicate | Total | 1.33 (1.74) | 0.5 | 0–6 | 14.71 | 6.44 (3.06) | 7 | 0–10 | 34.88 | 53 | <0.001 |
| Male | 1.92 (2.02) | 2 | 0–6 | 6.96 | 7.08 (2.19) | 7.5 | 4–10 | 18.04 | 5.5 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 0.75 (1.22) | 0 | 0–4 | 7.79 | 5.85 (3.67) | 7 | 0–10 | 17.81 | 15.5 | <0.001 | |
| Imagine | Total | 1.79 (1.44) | 1.5 | 0–5 | 17.46 | 4.88 (2.93) | 5 | 0–9 | 32.24 | 119 | <0.001 |
| Male | 1.58 (1.08) | 1.5 | 0–3 | 7.00 | 6.00 (2.49) | 6 | 2–9 | 18.00 | 6 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 2.00 (1.76) | 1.5 | 0–5 | 10.79 | 3.85 (3.02) | 4 | 0–8 | 15.04 | 51.5 | <0.001 | |
| RAADS-R | |||||||||||
| Total | Total | 23.58 (15.25) | 24.5 | 0–64 | 12.63 | 132.12 (43.81) | 131 | 49–219 | 36.88 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Male | 26.83 (18.61) | 26.5 | 0–64 | 6.50 | 131.92 (28.07) | 129 | 84–185 | 18.50 | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 20.33 (10.82) | 17.5 | 6–44 | 6.50 | 132.31 (55.82) | 138 | 49–219 | 19.00 | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Social relatedness | Total | 4.08 (4.13) | 3 | 0–15 | 12.71 | 28.76 (14.03) | 24 | 10–59 | 36.80 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Male | 4.25 (4.41) | 3 | 0–15 | 6.63 | 29.42 (14.21) | 28 | 10–59 | 18.38 | 1.5 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 3.92 (4.01) | 3 | 0–12 | 6.50 | 28.15 (14.42) | 21 | 13–57 | 19.00 | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Circumscribed interests | Total | 10.83 (9.63) | 10.5 | 0–37 | 12.96 | 55.28 (18.40) | 55 | 18–84 | 36.56 | 11 | <0.001 |
| Male | 13.25 (12.13) | 13.5 | 0–37 | 6.58 | 57.42 (13.33) | 55 | 36–80 | 18.42 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 8.42 (5.84) | 7.5 | 0–18 | 6.58 | 53.31 (22.47) | 57 | 18–84 | 18.92 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Sensory motor | Total | 6.17 (5.36) | 4.5 | 0–24 | 13.98 | 26.6 (13.43) | 25 | 7–50 | 35.58 | 35.5 | <0.001 |
| Male | 6.25 (6.37) | 4 | 0–24 | 7.46 | 23.58 (11.90) | 20.5 | 7–45 | 17.54 | 11.5 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 6.08 (4.42) | 5 | 3–19 | 7.00 | 29.38 (14.60) | 30 | 7–50 | 18.54 | 6 | <0.001 | |
| Social anxiety | Total | 3.13 (3.22) | 3 | 0–15 | 13.04 | 23.20 (7.71) | 23 | 3–34 | 36.48 | 13 | <0.001 |
| Male | 3.75 (4.18) | 3 | 0–15 | 6.50 | 23.00 (4.71) | 21.5 | 17–33 | 18.50 | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 2.50 (1.83) | 3 | 0–5 | 6.96 | 23.38 (9.93) | 25 | 3–34 | 18.58 | 5.5 | <0.001 | |