Table 2.

Reviewed diabetes care models.

Model	Brief description of model	Region	References
Step by Step Diabetic Foot Project	• Collaboration between the International Diabetes Federation, International Working Group on diabetic foot, Diabetic Foot Society of India and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science. • Training of care providers in the management of diabetic foot based on established algorithm of diabetic foot care	India and Tanzania	(11, 12)
Rural and Semi-Urban Diabetes Prevention and Control Program Indian Diabetes Educator Project Distance Education in Diabetes Mellitus Program	• Collaboration between Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism at Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, India with World Diabetes Foundation, Project HOPE, the Christian Medical Association of India, the Schieffelin Leprosy Research Training Center, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. • Training of personnel and establishment of diabetes clinics • Community education and screening programs	Vellore, India	(15)
The Ghana model	• Collaboration between academic centers and local government • Training of diabetes health care teams and establishment of diabetes clinics • Standardization of diabetes care guidelines	Ghana	(16)
The Chronic Disease Outreach Program (CDOP)	• Collaboration between academic centre and local government • Training of nurses in diabetes treatment and referring patients appropriately	Soweto, South Africa	(24, 25)
Peers for Progress Programs	• Training non- professional peer supporters in diabetes issues • Peer supporters based in diabetes clinics (Cameroon and Uganda), community organizations outside the field of health (South Africa), and a volunteer service part of the health system (Thailand) • Use of technology	Cameroon, Uganda, South Africa, and Thailand	(27)
Automated support tools	• Collaboration between academic centers, telecommunication companies and health authorities • Use of technology	Honduras, Mexico, Bolivia	(17–19)
CARRS Trial	• Multi-component intervention involving electronic health record management with decision support software (EHR-DSS) • Coordination by non-physician health workers	in South Asia	(20)
Chunampet Rural Diabetes Prevention Project (CRDPP)	• Integrated diabetes screening, prevention and care through the use of telemedicine and personalized care	India	(21)
Directly Observed Therapy, Short course) Model (DOTS)	• Collaboration between academic centers and international organizations • Electronic medical record • Establishment of national diabetes register	Malawai	(22)
Integrated Intervention Program	• Intensified patient education	Shangai, Costa Rica	(29, 30)