Table 1.

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the oral bone metabolic dysregulation associated with diabetes.

Authors	Types of diabetes	Number of cases	Principal findings
Meenawat et al. (25)	T1DM	28	The severity of gingivitis and periodontitis in T1DM patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people.
Puttaswamy et al. (26)	T2DM	T2DM: 60; Healthy people: 40	The salivary glucose concentration in diabetic patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people, and periodontal status is poorer.
Liljestrand et al. (27)	T2DM	8,446	The risk of T2DM in patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis is 3.2 times higher than that in patients with mild or moderate periodontitis.
Al Zahrani et al. (28)	T2DM	Well-controlled: 35; Poorly controlled: 32	Patients with poorly controlled T2DM demonstrate worse peri-implant bone outcomes than patients with well-controlled T2DM.
Hong et al. (29)	T1DM and T2DM	4,473	43.7% of people with diabetes have periodontitis compared with only 25.0% of the general population.
Annibali et al. (30)	T1DM and T2DM	Implants: 1,142	Patients with diabetes are more likely to suffer implant failure during the period of osseointegration and the first year of loading.