TABLE 3.

Digestive enzyme activities in fifth instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis after treatment with two concentrations of Withania somnifera extract.

Digestive enzymes	Time*	Control	T5†	T15†⁣†	F	P	df
α-amylase (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.157 ± 0.0047a; 0.189 ± 0.0040a	0.113 ± 0.0082b; 0.135 ± 0.0074b	0.076 ± 0.0029c; 0.118 ± 0.0026b	49.44; 52.63	0.0002; 0.0002	2, 8; 2, 8
α-glucosidase (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.070 ± 0.0058a; 0.080 ± 0.0047a	0.033 ± 0.0059b; 0.058 ± 0.0038b	0.046 ± 0.0026b; 0.029 ± 0.0052c	13.95; 30.30	0.0055; 0.0007	2, 8; 2, 8
β-glucosidase (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.063 ± 0.0072a; 0.085 ± 0.0037a	0.061 ± 0.0102a; 0.066 ± 0.0053ab	0.037 ± 0.0057a; 0.050 ± 0.0079b	3.17; 8.70	0.1152; 0.0168	2, 8; 2, 8
Lipase (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.322 ± 0.0099a; 0.425 ± 0.0303a	0.368 ± 0.0135a; 0.335 ± 0.0201ab	0.297 ± 0.0507b; 0.066 ± 0.0382b	1.34; 12.55	0.3307; 0.0072	2, 8; 2, 8
Protease (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.065 ± 0.0057a; 0.090 ± 0.0093a	0.035 ± 0.0029b; 0.031 ± 0.0027b	0.021 ± 0.0059b; 0.004 ± 0.0016c	19.24; 59.13	0.0025; 0.0001	2, 8; 2, 8

*48 and 72 h after treatments ^†,†† 5 and 15% treatments, respectively. Means (±SE) followed by the same letters in a row indicate no significant difference (P < 0.05) according to the Tukey’s multiple comparison test.