TABLE 4.

Detoxifying enzyme activities in fifth instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis after treatment with Withania somnifera methanolic extract.

Detoxifying enzymes	Time*	Control	T5†	T15†⁣†	F	P	df
Glutathione S-transferase; (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.020 ± 0.0033b; 0.025 ± 0.0030c	0.087 ± 0.010a; 0.127 ± 0.0086b	0.110 ± 0.0060a; 0.164 ± 0.0063a	43.27; 125.21	0.0003; 0.0001	2, 8; 2, 8
α-naphtyl acetate; (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.041 ± 0.0039c; 0.124 ± 0.0076b	0.081 ± 0.0040b; 0.126 ± 0.0024b	0.127 ± 0.010a; 0.170 ± 0.0069a	38.7; 17.88	0.0004; 0.003	2, 8; 2, 8
β-naphtyl acetate; (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.048 ± 0.0037a; 0.072 ± 0.0056b	0.060 ± 0.0057a; 0.104 ± 0.0039a	0.062 ± 0.0062a; 0.125 ± 0.0074a	2.05; 20.73	0.2096; 0.002	2, 8; 2, 8
Phenoloxidase; (U/mg protein)	48; 72	0.380 ± 0.0109a; 0.466 ± 0.0096a	0.259 ± 0.0070b; 0.139 ± 0.0069b	0.234 ± 0.0105b; 0.118 ± 0.0080c	69.52; 574.25	0.0001; 0.0001	2, 8; 2, 8

*48 and 72 h after treatments ^†,†† 5 and 15% treatments, respectively. Means (±SE) followed by the same letters in a row indicate no significant difference (P < 0.05) according to the according to the Tukey’s multiple comparison test.