(A) B. thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 Δtdk or S. Tm SL1344 were anaerobically cultured in haemin-containing tryptone yeast extract glucose (TYG) medium in the presence or absence of 200 μmol/L of iron chelator bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS) for 36 hours. Bacterial growth was assessed by measuring optical density of the culture at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600). (B – C) Bacteroides strains were cultured in haemin-supplemented TYG medium before being subcultured in iron-limited (200 μmol/L of BPS) TYG medium supplemented with either 0.5 μM aerobactin, 0.5 μM 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), 0.5 μM enterobactin, or 2 μM salmochelin. Growth of B. thetaiotaomicron (B) and Bacteroides mouse isolates (C) was determined by measuring the optical density. See also Fig. S1–3. Bars represent the geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 ***, P < 0.001; ns, not statistically significant.