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. 2020 Aug 4;5(32):20270–20282. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02137

Figure 1.

Figure 1

AICAR increases expression of pluripotency markers in R1/E and D3 ES cells. Cells were cultured with or without (A) 0.5 mM or (A, B, C, D, and F) 1 mM AICAR or (E) 2 mM metformin for 120 h or the indicated time (A) in the presence or absence of 1000 U/mL LIF. The levels of Nanog, Rex1, Oct3/4, and Sox2 mRNAs were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, corrected for differences in β-actin mRNA levels (as endogenous gene), and expressed as fold induction. Values are plotted as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). Statistical significance: *p < 0.01 for AICAR- or metformin- and LIF-treated versus LIF-treated; **p < 0.01 for AICAR- or metformin-treated and LIF untreated versus LIF untreated.