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. 2020 Aug 26;12(8):373–408. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Mechanism of catestatin autocrine modulation of chromaffin cell in the adrenal medulla during sympathetic stimulation. ACh: Acetylcholine; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; Ca²⁺: Calcium; ChgA: Chromogranin A; nAchR: Neuronal type of nicotinic cholinergic receptors; Na⁺: Sodium; NPY: Neuropeptide Y.