Table 4. Examples of bioengineered MSCs as anticancer Trojan horses.
| Disease model | Cell source | Expressed therapeutic | Reference |
| Pancreatic carcinoma | Murine BM-MSC | HSV-TK activating ganciclovir | Conrad et al. (171) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Murine BM-MSC | HSV-TK activating ganciclovir | Niess et al. (69) |
| Pulmonary melanoma metastasis |
Rat BM-MSC | HSV-TK activating ganciclovir | Zhang et al. (21) |
| Glioblastoma | Human BM-MSC | HSV-TK activating ganciclovir + TRAIL secretion |
Shah (172) |
| Lewis lung cancer metastasis | Murine BM-MSC | Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) |
Hu et al. (173) |
| Glioblastoma | Human BM-MSC | Thrombospondin-1 | Choi et al. (174) |
| Metastatic breast cancer | Human BM-MSC | Cytosine deaminase under the control of the YAP/TAZ promoter activating 5-fluorocytosine |
Wu et al. (94) |
| Prostate cancer | Human BM-MSC | Thapsigargin-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–activated prodrug (G114) |
Levy et al. (61) |
| Glioblastoma | Human AT-MSC | Adenovirus expressing soluble hyaluronidase (ICOVIR17) |
Martinez-Quintanilla et al. (23) |
| Glioblastoma | Human BM-MSC | Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) | Duebgen et al. (175) |
| Ovarian cancer | Human menstrual blood MSC | Oncolytic adenovirus | Alfano et al. (176) Moreno et al. (177) |