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. 2020 Aug 20;13:426. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04279-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Ultrastructural changes of Trichobilharzia regenti schistosomula treated with SIN-1, the donor of peroxynitrite. The schistosomula were treated for 48 h and then examined under scanning (SEM; a-c) and transmission (TEM; d–f) electron microscopy. As revealed by SEM, the tegument of 1.5 mM SIN-1-treated schistosomula had fewer blebs (white arrows) covering the layer of spines than the tegument of the control group. Also, the topography of tegumental spines was changed after 1.5 mM SIN-1 treatment and small holes (black arrow) appeared in the surface (b). No differences were observed between these groups in TEM (d, e) including ultrastructure of mitochondria (insets in d, e). Schistosomula treated with 3 mM SIN-1 had severely destructed tegument partially revealing the basal lamina (white asterisks) (c, f). Subtegumental mitochondria had disrupted inner membranes and cristae (inset in f). Abbreviations: T, tegument; SP, spines; BL, basal lamina; CM, circular muscles; LM, longitudinal muscles; M, mitochondria