Fig. 6. Low-intensity ultrasound improves the efficacy of femoral vein thrombolysis in a mouse model.

(A) Schematic illustration of the treatment procedures of a femoral vein thrombosis mouse model. (B) Representative images of thrombolysis evaluation after treatment with saline, native tPA, SiO₂-tPA, and MMB-SiO₂-tPA, respectively. The white arrows indicate the inducted thrombi (n = 4). (C) Representative histological analysis of the femoral vein after treatment with saline, native tPA, SiO₂-tPA, and MMB-SiO₂-tPA for 12 hours, respectively (n = 4). Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Quantification of the thrombus area (% vein lumen) in femoral vein in different treatment groups (n = 4). (E) Representative histological analysis of the femoral vein after administration and magnetic targeting of MMB-SiO₂-tPA with or without low-intensity ultrasound. The red arrow indicates the enrichment of MMB-SiO₂-tPA, and the red circles indicate the MMB-SiO₂-tPA with an intact structure. Scale bars, 50 μm.