Figure 4: LLC-luc induce PPARγ dependent myeloid cell TGF-β1 production but do not require TGF-β1 signaling for progression.

(A) PPARγ-WT or PPARγ-MKO mice were orthotopically injected with LLC-luc cells. Tumor bearing lungs were collected 2.5 weeks later. IHC for TGF-β1 was performed on tissue sections and representative images at 40X magnification are shown. (B) Quantification of TGF-β1 positive cells within tumor and surrounding lung tissue in IHC sections, reported as a percent of the total. (C) TGF-β1 released from PPARγ-WT or PPARγ-MKO BMDM treated with media supplemented with LLC-luc tumor homogenate. (D) WT mice were orthotopically injected with LLC-luc cells and treated with the TGFβRI inhibitor SB431542 or vehicle control (1:1 DMSO:PBS) starting at the time of injection and continuing 5 days a week for 2.5 weeks. There were 8 mice per group injected with LLC-luc cells. Primary tumor size was measured by caliper and reported as the tumor volume in mm³. (E) Incidence of metastasis reported as the percent of mice with metastasis to the other lobes of the lung (secondary lung), liver, or brain as measured by bioluminescence (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001).