Table 2.
Univariate analysis of contraceptive practices, beliefs, and attitudes among a U.S. cohort of microbicide trial participants
| Participant attribute | Cases n (%) | Control n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Had family planning provider while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.36 | ||
| Yes | 20 (76.9) | 65 (67.7) | |
| No | 6 (23.1) | 31 (32.3) | |
| Had tubal sterilization prior to enrollment | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 28 (29.2) | |
| No | 26 (100.0) | 68 (70.8) | |
| Number of contraceptives concurrently used at enrollment in HPTN 035 | 0.70 | ||
| 0 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.1) | |
| 1 | 15 (57.7) | 45 (46.9) | |
| >1 | 11 (42.3) | 49 (51.0) | |
| Contraceptive method at study start* | |||
| Hormonal contraceptives | 0.20 | ||
| Yes | 11 (42.3) | 28 (29.2) | |
| No | 15 (57.7) | 68 (70.8) | |
| Condoms (including male and female) | 0.78 | ||
| Yes | 22 (84.6) | 79 (82.3) | |
| No | 4 (15.4) | 17 (17.7) | |
| Withdrawal | 0.78 | ||
| Yes | 4 (15.4) | 17 (17.7) | |
| No | 22 (84.6) | 79 (82.3) | |
| It is normal/acceptable to try to prevent pregnancy | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 24 (92.3) | 96 (100.0) | |
| No | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Trying to prevent pregnancy while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.50 | ||
| Yes | 22 (84.6) | 85 (89.5) | |
| No | 4 (15.4) | 10 (10.5) | |
| Desires a baby in the future | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 23 (88.5) | 28 (30.1) | |
| No | 3 (11.5) | 65 (69.9) | |
| Both participant and partner desire a baby in the future | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 16 (66.7) | 19 (20.0) | |
| No | 8 (33.3) | 76 (80.0) | |
| Changed contraceptive method while in HPTN 035 | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 12 (46.2) | 18 (18.8) | |
| No | 14 (53.8) | 78 (81.3) | |
| The change in method was switching methods | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 6 (23.1) | 6 (6.3) | |
| No | 20 (76.9) | 90 (93.8) | |
| The change in method was adding a method | 0.45 | ||
| Yes | 1 (3.8) | 10 (10.4) | |
| No | 25 (96.2) | 86 (89.6) | |
| The change in method was stopping method | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 5 (19.2) | 2 (2.1) | |
| No | 21 (80.8) | 94 (97.9) | |
| HPTN 035 study staff gave information about contraception | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 12 (46.2) | 20 (21.1) | |
| No | 14 (53.8) | 75 (78.9) | |
| Believed the study gel would prevent pregnancy | 0.87 | ||
| Yes | 21 (80.8) | 69 (71.9) | |
| No | 1 (3.8) | 5 (5.2) | |
| Not sure | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10) | |
| N/A (condom only group) | 4 (15.4) | 21 (21.9) | |
| Believed the study gel could be harmful to a pregnancy | 0.41 | ||
| Yes | 9 (34.6) | 29 (30.5) | |
| No | 9 (34.6) | 20 (21.1) | |
| Not sure | 4 (15.4) | 24 (25.3) | |
| N/A (condom only group) | 4 (15.4) | 22 (23.2) | |
| Believed that not getting pregnant was better than getting pregnant while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.13 | ||
| Yes | 21 (80.8) | 89 (92.7) | |
| No | 5 (19.2) | 7 (7.3) | |
| Had knowledge of how to prevent pregnancy while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 24 (92.3) | 96 (100.0) | |
| No | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Had support to prevent pregnancy while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.20 | ||
| Yes | 24 (92.3) | 94 (97.9) | |
| No | 2 (7.7) | 2 (2.1) | |
| Used emergency contraception while enrolled in HPTN 035 | 0.06 | ||
| Yes | 21 (80.8) | 56 (59.6) | |
| No | 5 (19.2) | 38 (40.4) |
Note: p-values for cells greater than 5 are from chi-square tests; otherwise are from Fisher exact test.
*
Methods with the highest prevalence at study start.