Table 3.
Characteristics of ARDS patients treated with invasive ventilation and use of adjunctive by severity category
| Parameter | ARDS | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 527 | n = 51 | n = 250 | n = 226 | ||
| D1 IPPV | 299 (56.7) | 25 (49.0) | 125 (50.0) | 149 (65.9) | 0.001 |
| IPPV during ICU | 400 (75.9) | 30 (58.8) | 177 (70.8) | 193 (85.4) | 0.000 |
| Mode on 1st day of IPPV | |||||
| Volume control ventilation | 55 (13.8) | 3 (10.0) | 22 (12.4) | 30 (13.8) | |
| Pressure control ventilation | 192 (48.0) | 11 (36.7) | 81 (45.8) | 100 (51.8) | |
| SIMV+PS | 47 (11.8) | 4 (13.3) | 18 (10.2) | 25 (13.0) | |
| Pressure support ventilation | 70 (17.5) | 7 (23.3) | 36 (20.3) | 27 (14.0) | |
| Bilevel | 32 (8.0) | 5 (16.7) | 18 (10.2) | 9 (4.7) | |
| Other modes | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.0) | |
| PEEP median (IQR), cmH2O | 8 (6–12) | 7 (5–8) | 8 (6–10) | 10 (6–12) | 0.000 |
| VT, median (IQR) (ml/kg PBW) | 6.8 (5.8–7.9) | 7.0 (6.6–7.7) | 6.8 (5.9–8.0) | 6.8 (5.8–7.9) | 0.538 |
| Plateau pressure, median (IQR), cmH2O | 20 (16–26) | 20 (15–23) | 20 (15–25) | 22 (18–27) | 0.220 |
| Driving pressurea, median (IQR), cmH2O | 12 (8–16) | 14 (10–15) | 13 (8–16) | 12 (8–17) | 0.779 |
| Airway resistancea, median (IQR) cmH2O/L/S | 12.0 (8.0–18.2) | 12.0 (9.7–17.0) | 11.0 (7.8–19.0) | 12.0 (8.0–18.0) | 0.571 |
| Compliancea, median (IQR) ml/cmH2O | 35.0 (25.0–43.7) | 36.4 (30.7–43.0) | 36.4 (24.0–52.0) | 32.0 (25.0–42.0) | 0.191 |
| ABG, D1 ARDS | |||||
| PaO2/FIO2, median (IQR), mmHg | 113 (80–161) | 227 (206–270) | 142 (115–166) | 78 (59–96) | 0.000 |
| PaCO2, median (IQR), mmHg | 36.3 (31.2–42.7) | 36.2 (29.6–39.0) | 35.9 (31.0–41.5) | 37.2 (31.8–45.2) | 0.044 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.42 (7.36–7.46) | 7.43 (7.36–7.48) | 7.2 (7.36–7.46) | 7.41 (7.40–7.46) | 0.651 |
| NMBAs | 107 (26.8) | 5 (16.7) | 43 (24.3) | 59 (30.6) | 0.177 |
| RM | 61 (15.3) | 2 (6.7) | 26 (14.7) | 33 (17.1) | 0.322 |
| PPV | 85 (21.3) | 3 (10.0) | 29 (16.4) | 53 (27.5) | 0.011 |
| ECMO | 61 (15.3) | 2 (6.7) | 23 (13.0) | 36 (18.7) | 0.142 |
| HFOV | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.0) | 1.000 |
| High-dose corticosteroidc | 157 (29.8) | 13 (25.5) | 59 (23.6) | 85 (37.6) | 0.003 |
IPPV invasive positive pressure ventilation, ICU intensive care unit, SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, PS pressure support, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, VT tidal volume, PBW predicted body weight, ABG arterial blood gas, NMBAs neuromuscular blockade, RM lung recruitment manoeuvre, PPV prone position ventilation, EMCO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, HFOV high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
aPlateau pressure values, driving pressure values, airway resistance values, and respiratory compliance values are limited to patients in whom this value was reported. The number of measured patients is 211 cases. Patients receiving HFOV or ECMO were also excluded
bP value represents comparisons across the ARDS severity categories for each variable
cHigh-dose corticosteroids was defined as doses that were equal to or greater than the equivalent of 1 mg/kg of prednisolone