Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and evolution of patients treated with anakinra.

Patient	1			2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9
Age	62			67			84			54			61			42			48			79			87
Sex	Female			Male			Male			Male			Male			Male			Male			Male			Female
Previous history	–			Ex-smoker			Hypertension Chronic renal disease			Dyslipidemia			Hypertension Chronic limphoid leukemia Chronic glomerulonefritis			Lymphoma			–			Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Neuroendocrine neoplasm			–
Days from disease onset to ANK treatment	10			19			13			10			11			16			24			15			–
Days from admission to ANK treatment	1			12			3			3			4			8			4			1			13
Treatment given prior to ANK	No			HDQ, AZI, MPB, TCZ (2 doses)			HDQ, AZI, MPB			HDQ, AZI, MPB			HDQ, AZI, MPB			HDQ, AZI, MPB			HDQ, AZI, MPB, TCZ			No			HDQ, AZI, MP
Treament given concomitant to ANK	HDQ, AZI, MPB			Ninguno			MP			MP			TCZ, MP			MP			MP			HDQ, AZI, MPB, MP			MP
ANK treatment day	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7	D1	D3	D7
PaO2/FiO2	280	273	279	168	234	286	232	120	237	160	227	108	59*	118*	104*	242	154		286	219	300	65	55		193	155	355
FiO2	0.21	0.4	0.28	0.5	0.31	0.21	0.31	0.5	0.7	0.35	0.5	0.5	0.9*	0.7*	0.8*	0.21	0.31		0.28	0.31	0.21	1	1		0.4	0.4	0.28
O2 support	Basal	VMK	VMK	VMK	VMK	Basal	VMK	VMK	SVNI	VMK	VMK	VMK	SVNI*	SVNI*	SVNI*	Basal	VMK		GN	VMK		SVNI	SVNI		VMK	VMK	GN
Lymphocyte count (/μL)	800	1200	1700	800		1000	700	500	600	1000	500	1100	1400	700	1300	200			1100	1200		1100	600		1100	1400	700
Ferritin (ng/mL)	4104	2199	1800	1094		809	1400	1573	1405	1938	2044	1693	578	433	262	1469	1827		2862	1536		1697	1301		617	568	589
D-dimers (μg/mL)	0.6	0.3	0.3	1.8		0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.6	10.7	13	0.5			0.4	0.4		0.9	1.5		1.6	1.3	0.9
IL-6 (pg/mL)			5.8	624		73	11.7	7	1.7	12.8	7.9	4.6	452.7	1792	202	24.9	39.4		295.6	97.4		31.1			18.9	19.4	2.9
CRP (mg/L)	43	44	4	0		0	62	17	3	5	25	2	141	40	4	63	93		34	4		244	54		83	14	4
LDH (UI/L)	389	314	273	343		246	243	253	296	258	236	261	403	377	435	377	456		373	285		520	350		598		351
GOT/AST (UI/L)	189	57	65	62		72	25		31		34	35	27		16	32	55		187	71		36	27				33
GPT/ALT (UI/L)	168	170	167	98		134	18		42	69	82	211	32	30	44	52	61		228	270		19	60			37	47
ANK dose	100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 4 days			100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 4 days			100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 4 days			100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 4 days			100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 2 days 100 mg/6 h × 10 days 100 mg/8 h × 3 days 100 mg/12 h × 2 days 100 mg/24 h × 2 days			100 mg/6 h × 2 days			100 mg/6 h × 3 days 100 mg/24 h × 4 days			100 mg/6 h × 5 days			100 mg/6 h × 7 days 100 mg/8 h × 2 days 100 mg/12 h × 2 days 100 mg/24 h × 3 days
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation	No			No			Yes			Yes			Yes			No			No			Yes			No
Intubation	No			No			Not candidate			No			No			No			No			Yes			No
Outcome	Discharge 15 days after initiation of ANK			ANK given 4 days after second dose of TCZ Discharge at day 10 after initiation of ANK			ANK discontinued at day 7 due to inefficacy Death at day 13 after initiation of ANK.			Discharge 17 days after initiation of ANK			Improved after 100 mg/6 h ANK, worsened during tapered, new improvement at 100 mg/6 h dose. Pneumo-mediastinum at 15 days after initiation of ANK, precluding correct assessment of oxygenation. Remains hospitalized.			ANK discontinued after 48 h due to inefficacy. Treated with another immunomodulator, according to protocol.			Discharge 8 days after initiation of ANK			Needs non-invasive mechanical ventilation at admission (FiO2 1). Requires intubation 6 days after initiation of ANK. Treated with another immunomodulator, according to protocol			Discharge 14 days after initiation of ANK

ANK: Anakinra. HDQ: hydroxy-chloroquine, dose 400 mg every 12 h at day 1, followed by 200 mg every 12 horas for 5 days. AZI: azithromycin, dose 500 mg every 24 h for 7 días, and then every 48 h for 14 days. MPB: intravenous bolus methylprednisolone 250 mg/day, for 3 days. MP: intravenous methylprednisolone, dose by mg/kg/day, with tapering at the physician's criteria. TCZ: tocilizumab, single dose 400 mg if body weight <75 kg, or 600 mg if greater. Repeating dose always 400 mg. VMK: Ventimask® (Venturi-type facial mask for oxygenation). GN: low-flux oxygen nasal cannula.