Table 3.

Clinical Factors Associated with Acidosis and Lactic Acidosis in Individuals before PSM

Parameters	Acidosis		Lactic Acidosis
	OR (95% CI)	p Valuea	OR (95% CI)	p Valuea
Age	0.97 (0.92,1.01)	0.156	1.00 (0.94,1.06)	0.957
Male	1.19 (0.53,2.68)	0.675	1.35 (0.47,3.91)	0.579
Metformin Dose
Dose < 1 g/day	3.79 (0.91,15.75)	0.067	4.93 (0.84,29.04)	0.078
1 ≤ dose < 2 g/day	1.84 (0.75,4.56)	0.186	2.07 (0.62,6.95)	0.239
2 ≤ dose < 3 g/day	12.79 (1.24,132.14)	0.032	22.57 (1.99,256.71)	0.012
eGFR at Admission
>90 mL/min/1.73 m2
60 ≤ eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2	0.90 (0.29,2.73)	0.846	1.09 (0.29,4.16)	0.895
<60 mL/min/1.73 m2	5.21 (1.83,14.81)	0.002	3.94 (1.05,14.76)	0.042
Comorbidities on Admission
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	4.87 (0.35,66.94)	0.237	–	–
Coronary heart disease	1.11 (0.35,3.55)	0.861	1.53 (0.39,5.98)	0.537
Cerebrovascular diseases	1.34 (0.17,10.68)	0.782	2.19 (0.26,18.28)	0.469
NLR > 3.13	5.49 (1.98,15.21)	0.001	4.67 (1.15,18.94)	0.031
ACEI/ARB	0.55 (0.16,1.93)	0.352	0.49 (0.10,2.28)	0.361
SpO2 < 93%	2.64 (1.04,6.67)	0.041	3.12 (1.01,9.60)	0.047
AST increase	0.65 (0.21,2.00)	0.453	0.43 (0.09,2.10)	0.297
Procalcitonin increase	0.24 (0.10,0.62)	0.003	0.62 (0.21,1.82)	0.388

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; SpO2, oxygen saturation; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.

^aThe p values were calculated based on logistic model.