Table 4.
Metformin versus Non-metformin | Time-Varying Cox Model Exposure before PSM |
Hazard in All Groups after PSM |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | p Valueb | Adjusted HRc (95% CI) | p Valued | |
Mortality | 0.87 (0.36,2.12) | 0.757 | 1.65 (0.71,3.86) | 0.247 |
ARDS | 0.66 (0.46,0.96) | 0.028 | 0.85 (0.61,1.17) | 0.317 |
DIC | 0.44 (0.05,4.00) | 0.467 | 1.68 (0.26,10.90) | 0.586 |
Heart failure | 0.61 (0.43,0.87) | 0.006 | 0.59 (0.41,0.83) | 0.003 |
Acute kidney injury | 0.71 (0.18,2.79) | 0.627 | 0.65 (0.19,2.24) | 0.491 |
Acute heart injury | 1.14 (0.73,1.79) | 0.559 | 1.02 (0.62,1.66) | 0.947 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation.
In the time-varying Cox model, adjusted variables for comparison between the metformin and the non-metformin cohorts included age, gender, comorbidities (cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease), blood glucose, C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine.
The p values were calculated based on time-varying Cox model.
In the mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted variables for comparison between the metformin and the non-metformin cohorts included age, gender, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, red blood cell, creatinine, and hospital site as a random effect.
The p values were calculated based on mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard model.