Table 3.
Major vaccine candidates in preclinical stages of development and research [56].
| Candidate | Sponsor/Firm | Trial Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Inactivated vaccine | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products; China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) | Phase 3 |
| CoronaVac | Sinovac | Phase 3 |
| Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) live-attenuated vaccine | University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Radboud University Medical Center; Faustman Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital | Phase 2/3 |
| AZD1222 | The University of Oxford; AstraZeneca; IQVIA | Phase 2/3 |
| mRNA-1273 | Moderna | Phase 2 |
| Ad5-nCoV | CanSino Biologics | Phase 2 |
| BNT162 | Pfizer, BioNTech | Phase 1/2 |