Table 1.
Studies manipulating and recording neural activity in gene-defined, input-defined and projection-defined populations.
| Experiment | Behavior or neural response | Bidirectional* | Valence | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cental amygdala (CeA) | |||||||
| Gene | PKCd+ | CeL | single-unit | inhibited by CS-shock (CeLOFF) | x | +? | Haubensak 201035 |
| CeL | ChR2 | no valence-related behavior | yes | +/− | Kim 201729 | ||
| CeC | ChR2 | freezing | yes | − | Kim 201729 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | anxiogenic | yes | − | Botta 201538 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | anxiolytic | x | + | Cai 201439 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | food intake supression | yes | −? | Cai 201439 | ||
| CeL-SI | ChR2 | avoidance (CPA) | x | − | Cui 201785 | ||
| SOM | CeL | ChR2 | decrease CS avoidance | yes | + | Yu 201640 | |
| CeL | ChR2 | self-stimulation | yes | + | Kim 201729 | ||
| CeM | ChR2 | self-stimulation | yes | + | Kim 201729 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | freezing | yes | − | Li 201342 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | decrease CS-flight | no | + | Fadok 201741 | ||
| CeL | ChR2 | CS-freezing | no | − | Fadok 201741 | ||
| CeL | single-unit | excited during CS-shock and freezing | x | − | Fadok 201741 | ||
| CRF | CeL | ChR2 | CS flight | yes | − | Fadok 201741 | |
| CeL | ChR2 | decrease CS-freezing | no | − | Fadok 201741 | ||
| CeL | single-unit | excited during CS-flight | x | − | Fadok 201741 | ||
| 5HT2A | CeA | ChR2 | increase food intake | yes | + | Douglass 201733 | |
| CeA | ChR2 | decrease freezing to aversive US | yes | − | Isosaka 2015102 | ||
| Input | insula-CeA | ChR2 | avoidance (RTPA) | x | − | Wang 201848 | |
| PBNCGRP-CeC/L | ChR2 | appetite suppression | no | − | Carter 201345 | ||
| PBNCGRP-CeC/L | ChR2 | defensive behaviors | no | − | Han 201546 | ||
| PVT-CeLSOM | ChR2 | inhibition decrease FC | no | − | Penzo 201547 | ||
| BLARspo2-CeCPKCd | ChR2 | defensive response | yes | − | Kim 201729 | ||
| Output | CeA-vIPAG | ChR2 | hunting (prey approach) | no | + | Han 201749 | |
| CeL-SI | PKCd+ | ChR2 | avoidance (CPA) | x | − | Cui 201785 | |
| Basolateral amygdala (BLA) | |||||||
| Gene | Rspo2 (anterior) | ChR2 | freezing | yes | − | Kim 201662 | |
| Ppp1 (posterior) | ChR2 | self-stimulation | yes | + | Kim 201662 | ||
| PV | ChR2 | increase CS-shock freezing | yes | − | Wolff 201463 | ||
| single-unit | excited to the CS-shock | x | − | Wolff 201463 | |||
| SOM | ChR2 | decrease CS-shock freezing | yes | + | Wolff 201463 | ||
| single-unit | inhibited to the CS-shock | x | + | Wolff 201463 | |||
| Input | insula-BLA | ChR2 | approach (RTPP) | x | + | Wang 201848 | |
| ACC-BLA | NpHR | decrease observational fear retrieval | no | − | Allsop 201866 | ||
| Output | BLA-NAc | ChR2 | self-stimulation | x | + | Namburi 201552, Britt 201257, Stuber 201158 | |
| single-unit | preferentially excited to CS-sucrose | x | + | Beyeler 201612 | |||
| BLARspo2-NAc | ChR2 | freezing & stimulation avoidance (RTPA) | x | − | Kim 201729 | ||
| BLA-CeL | ChR2 | anxiolytic | yes | + | Tye 201196 | ||
| BLA-CeM | ChR2 | place aversion | x | − | Namburi 201552 | ||
| BLA-CeA | single-unit | preferentially excited to CS-quinine | x | − | Beyeler 201612 | ||
| BLA-vHPC | ChR2 | anxiogenic | yes | − | Felix-Ortiz 201354 | ||
| single-unit | unbiased | x | +/− | Beyeler 201612 | |||
| BLA-mPFC | ChR2 | anxiogenic | yes | − | Felix-Ortiz 201556, Lowery-Gionta 201897 | ||
| ChR2 | increase CS-shock freezing | yes | − | Burgos-Robles 201753 | |||
| single-unit | preferentially excited to CS-shock | x | − | Burgos-Robles 201753 | |||
| BLA-PL | single-unit | active during CS-shock (early extinction) | x | − | Senn 201459 | ||
| BLA-IL | single unit | active during CS-shock after extinction | x | + | Senn 201459 | ||
| BLA-adBNST | ChR2 | anxiogenic | x | − | Kim 201398 | ||
*:
study reporting bidirectional manipulation of the tested behavior/s