TABLE. Maternal characteristics by marijuana use and cessation during pregnancy among women who used marijuana before pregnancy – eight states,* Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2017.
| Maternal characteristic | Prepregnancy use weighted % (95% CI) (n = 765)† | Marijuana use status during pregnancy
weighted % (95% CI) |
aPR§ (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous use (n = 410)† | Cease use (n = 355)† | |||
|
Total
|
— |
41.2 (35.1–47.6)
|
58.8 (52.4–64.9)
|
— |
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| <20 |
7.9 (4.8–12.6) |
45.4 (23.5–69.2) |
54.6 (30.8–76.5) |
1.0 (0.5–2.1) |
| 20–24 |
26.3 (21.1–32.2) |
52.6 (40.7–64.3) |
47.4 (35.7–59.3) |
1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| 25–34 |
54.3 (47.8–60.6) |
37.5 (29.7–45.9) |
62.5 (54.1–70.3) |
1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| ≥35 |
11.6 (7.9–16.6) |
30.2 (14.3–53.0) |
69.8 (47.0–85.7) |
Referent |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
64.5 (57.8–70.7) |
41.9 (34.5–49.5) |
58.2 (50.5–65.5) |
1.8 (1.1–3.2)¶ |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
15.4 (11.0–21.2) |
28.3 (16.3–44.4) |
71.7 (55.6–83.8) |
Referent |
| Hispanic |
13.6 (9.4–19.4) |
41.4 (24.1–61.1) |
58.6 (38.9–75.9) |
1.7 (1.0–3.0) |
| Other** |
6.5 (4.1–10.2) |
70.0 (47.6–85.7) |
30.0 (14.3–52.4) |
2.5 (1.4–4.5)¶ |
|
Marital status
| ||||
| Married |
33.5 (27.8–39.6) |
22.2 (15.4–31.1)†† |
77.8 (68.9–84.7)†† |
Referent |
| Not married |
66.6 (60.4–72.2) |
50.7 (42.5–58.9)†† |
49.3 (41.1–57.5)†† |
1.7 (1.1–2.6)¶ |
|
Education, yrs
|
|
|
|
|
| <12 |
13.6 (9.6–19.1) |
75.1 (59.3–86.2)†† |
24.9 (13.8–40.7)†† |
1.9 (1.3–2.8)¶ |
| 12 |
30.1 (24.7–36.1) |
58.0 (46.9–68.4)†† |
42.0 (31.6–53.1)†† |
1.6 (1.1–2.2)¶ |
| >12 |
56.3 (49.8–62.5) |
23.8 (17.8–31.2)†† |
76.2 (68.9–82.3)†† |
Referent |
|
Insurance status during prenatal care§§
| ||||
| Medicaid |
51.2 (44.7–57.6) |
53.8 (44.7–62.6)†† |
46.2 (37.4–55.3)†† |
1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| Private¶¶ |
44.1 (37.8–50.6) |
24.1 (17.1–32.9)†† |
75.9 (67.1–82.9)†† |
Referent |
| Other*** |
4.4 (2.0–9.2) |
60.1 (25.8–86.7)†† |
39.9 (13.3–74.2)†† |
1.0 (0.4–2.7) |
| None |
0.3 (0.2–0.7) |
—††† |
—††† |
1.2 (0.7–2.2) |
|
Parity
| ||||
| First birth |
47.6 (41.2–54.1) |
34.9 (27.1–43.7) |
65.1 (56.3–72.9) |
Referent |
| Second or later birth |
52.4 (45.9–58.8) |
47.0 (38.2–56.0) |
53.0 (44.0–61.8) |
1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
|
Entry into prenatal care
|
|
|
|
|
| First trimester |
80.2 (74.4–85.0) |
38.9 (31.9–46.5) |
61.1 (53.5–68.1) |
Referent |
| Second trimester |
15.7 (11.4–21.2) |
48.5 (32.5–64.9) |
51.5 (35.1–67.6) |
1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
| Third trimester/None |
4.2 (2.3–7.5) |
68.4 (36.6–89.1) |
31.6 (10.9–63.4) |
1.4 (0.9–2.3) |
|
Cigarette use during pregnancy§§§
| ||||
| Yes |
29.6 (24.1–35.8) |
73.7 (62.5–82.5)†† |
26.3 (17.5–37.5)†† |
1.6 (1.2–2.3)¶ |
| No |
70.4 (64.2–75.9) |
27.6 (21.6–34.4)†† |
72.4 (65.6–78.4)†† |
Referent |
|
Electronic nicotine cigarette use during pregnancy
| ||||
| Yes |
3.4 (1.8–6.2) |
78.0 (45.8–93.7) |
22.1 (6.3–54.2) |
1.2 (0.6–2.1) |
| No | 96.6 (93.8–98.2) | 40.1 (33.9–46.6) | 59.9 (53.4–66.1) | Referent |
Abbreviations: aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval.
* Alaska, Illinois, Maine, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
† Unweighted.
§ Among prepregnancy marijuana users, the association between continued use during pregnancy and maternal characteristics controlling for all other characteristics (unweighted n = 675).
¶ Adjusted prevalence ratio statistically significant (p<0.05).
** Other race/ethnicity includes persons who were not Hispanic and whose race was Alaska native, American Indian, Asian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, other nonwhite, or mixed race.
†† Chi–square tests indicated that characteristic was significantly different (p<0.05) across marijuana use during pregnancy.
§§ Observations with no prenatal care or missing information on insurance during prenatal care were imputed with value for insurance during delivery.
¶¶ Includes Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) and TRICARE.
*** Includes Children’s Health Insurance Program and other state government programs.
††† Suppressed because cell sizes <5.
§§§ Ascertained from PRAMS and birth certificate.